The study examined the validity of the Five to Fifteen (FTF) questionnaire in detecting developmental disorders in five-year-old children. A pilot study (N=70) was first undertaken to try out a translation of the FTF into Finnish. Subsequently, FTF questionnaires were mailed to parents of all five-year-old children from specified health-care districts in Vantaa, Finland. A total of 769 questionnaires (60%) were completed and returned. Children scoring above a cut-off value in any domain were considered at risk for having developmental disorders (the Risk Group; N=90). A Control Group was formed by randomly selecting 30 children who did not score above the threshold value in any domain. The children from the Risk Group and the Control Group were called to individual neuropsychological assessments. All invited children attended the assessments. The parts of the FTF that assess fine motor skills, executive functions (including attention and impulsivity), perception, memory, and language were used for this study. The external criterion measure was the NEPSY, a neuropsychological assessment instrument. Results demonstrated that the five FTF Domain Scores used in this study correlated significantly with the corresponding NEPSY Domain Scores. Second, the Risk Group obtained significantly poorer scores on the NEPSY than the Control Group. Third, on a cross-tabulation a very high rate of positive hits (93 %) was obtained as well as a very low rate of misses (7 %), indicating a very good sensitivity. However, there were a large percentage of false positives (63 %), indicating that specificity was not so good. Evidently, parents may report concerns related to the young child's development even when neuropsychological assessments do not indicate significant disorders. On the whole, the findings supported the validity of the FTF as a developmental screening instrument.
The number of children in Europe with significant psychologic and social problems is large and increasing. This article describes an innovative crosscultural method of working with families to This project has been financially supported by the European Union (Leonardo da Vinci Programme, EL 98/98/1/ 68123/P1/1.1.1.b/FPC), the Ministry of Social Welfare and Health in Finland, the Medical Research Fund of Tampere University Hospital, the Greek General Secretariat of Research and Technology and the Greek Ministry of Health (Cofunding programme 96SYN103), The Gatsby Charitable Foundation, The South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, and the Community Health South London NHS Trust. We should like to thank all the primary health care professionals involved in the project for their commitment and care, all the research staff, and of course the families and children. Direct correspondence to: Kaija Puura, Assistant Chief of Child Psychiatry, Medical School, 33014 University of Tampere, Finland; e-mail: puura@sci.fi. The European Early Promotion Project • 607promote the psychosocial well being of children and prevent the development of psychologic and social problems. A study designed to evaluate the effects of the service is also presented. Primary health care workers in five European countries have been trained to conduct promotional interviews with all prospective mothers in their area one month before and one month after birth. They have also been taught to work with mothers identified as in need of support as a parent by using a specific counselling model to try to prevent the onset of child mental health difficulties. Effects of the intervention on children's psychologic development and family adaptation are being evaluated at two years in comparison with matched groups not receiving the intervention.RESUMEN: El número de niños en Europa con problemas sicológicos y sociales significativos es grande y va en aumento. Este ensayo describe un método innovador e intercultural de trabajar con familias para promover el bienestar sicológico de los niños y prevenir el desarrollo de problemas sicológicos y sociales. También se presenta un estudio diseñado para evaluar los efectos del servicio prestado. Los trabajadores que prestan los servicios de salud esenciales en cinco países europeos han sido entrenados para llevar a cabo entrevistas promocionales con todas las futuras madres en sus áreas un mes antes y un mes después del parto. A ellos se les ha enseñado también a trabajar con madres identificadas como personas con necesidad de apoyo en su papel de madre, por medio de un modelo específico de consejería para tratar de prevenir el comienzo de las dificultades de salud mental del niño. Los efectos de la intervención en el desarrollo sicológico de los niños y la adaptación familiar están siendo evaluados a los dos años en comparación con grupos similares que no están recibiendo tal intervención.RÉ SUMÉ : Le nombre d'enfants en Europe qui ont d'importants problèmes psychologiques et sociaux est élevé et grandit sans ce...
Sourander A, Korkeila J, Turunen M-M. Involuntary psychiatric hospital treatment among 12-to 17-year-olds in Finland: A nationwide register study. Nord J Psychiatry 1998;52:367 -371. Oslo. ISSN 0803-9488.Information on involuntary psychiatric hospital treatment of all 12-to 17-year-old minors in 1990 and 1993 in Finland was collected from the national hospital discharge register. Involuntary treatment was associated with older age, psychosis diagnosis, and treatment in adult psychiatric ward. Treatment year, sex, and having previous psychiatric hospital treatment were not associated with involuntary treatment. Considerable differences were found when different health care districts were compared. In 12 of 22 districts there were no minors in involuntary treatment in 1993. For ethical and legal reasons the involuntary treatment of minors in adult settings can hardly be justified.Adolescent psychiatry, In6oluntary treatment, Psychiatric ser6ices.
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