Volatile oil price and environmental impact of conventional jet fuel are key motivators towards the proposing of alternative jet fuels. This article introduces and establishes a relationship between jet fuel properties/composition and smoke emission. It is an important and comprehensive task as it underlines the base references and scientific reasoning on fuel compositions / properties; very few, if any, studies have investigated the effects of each of the properties/ compositions on smoke emissions. Two sets of fuels were tested on small re-commissioned Honeywell GTCP85 APU gas turbine Engine. The first set was consisted of 8 novel fuels, while the second was a blend of varied percentages of Jet A-1 and other alternative fuel. This is to provide a wide range of properties and compositions. The results were compared to those of Jet A-1on the same platform (Honeywell GTCP85 APU). It was observed that not all fuel compositions/properties have the same effects on the smoke number. Some of them such as: Specific Energy, Kinematic, viscosity, Biphenyls, monocycloparaffin, AlkylBenzene, Fluorenes, Distillation temp (90%), Carbon (%mass), Naphthalene, Composite Density, Benzocycloparaffin, Density at 15C°, Aromatics (%Vol) and Net heat of Combustion have a clear direct effect on the smoke number, while others such as iso-paraffin and flashpoint have a reduced impact on smoke number. This data shall be used to predict the effect of certain composition/ property on the smoke emission, thus it could be avoided or to be taking into considerations when producing or using new alternative fuels.
The main purpose of the engine lubrication system is to supply lubricating oil to all moving parts in the engines to reduce friction rates. The failure of this can cause damage to the engine system. The aim for this project is to develop a user-friendly device to predict as accurately as possible the next oil change for an automobile. The device consisted of four main parts, the electronic part, the heating element, the main body and the cover. A 12V DC motor is used to measure the current as the shaft connected to the motor immersed in fluid which temperature is controlled at 40 Celsius. The experiment was conducted using waste oil lubricant (WLO) collected from an automobile servicing centre. The behaviour of a given fluid was analysed using data generated. A measure of viscosity was calculated. The upper limit of viscosity change is set to +15% change and -10% for lower limit. The result shows the deterioration of WLO in term of viscosity. From the sample tested with the device, all the WLO were overused as the oil was over the allowable limit of viscosity changes which could present a danger of possible damage to the engine. Therefore, this device can function as a preventive maintenance device of car as the user can predict when is the best time to change their automobile oil lubricant.
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