Background:The COVID-19 vaccine pandemic is expected to control the pandemic. The vaccine acceptance in Africa is yet unknown. This survey was conducted to explore attitudes of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 vaccine and predictors of negative attitude. Materials and methods:A cross sectional online survey was performed among 1110 healthcare workers to understand COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, encouragement of patients to take COVID-19 vaccine, encouragement of family members to take COVID-19 vaccine, and fears/concerns about COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was compared across demographic variables and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. Results:The response rate was 60.2%. Out of the 668 respondents, substantial majority were physicians 49.4% and nurses 32.9 %. The vaccine acceptance rate was 72.2% (482/668). Only about 64 % reported that they would encourage their patients or families to get vaccinated. Those who reported they would accept the vaccination were highly likely to encourage their family members to be vaccinated (OR 58.13, 95 % CI 9.7 -348.32, P 0.001) over those who reported they would not encourage their family to be vaccinated. Majority (77%) had one or more fears/concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine. Among the fears/concerns were vaccine adverse reaction, effectiveness of the vaccine, vaccine was made too fast to be safe, and COVID-19 from the vaccine. Conclusion:The high vaccine hesitancy rate (27.8%) among healthcare workers in Ethiopia is genuinely concerning. Healthcare workers are the main source of healthrelated information for their communities. Thus, we need to equip them with the most accurate and credible knowledge to increase COVID-19 acceptance in Ethiopia.
BackgroundRoad traffic injuries, which are responsible for premature deaths and functional losses, are the leading causes of unintentional injuries in Ethiopia. As most studies on road traffic injuries, so far, have been either local or regional, it is believed that combining the regional or local data to get nationally representative information could help programme implementers in setting priorities.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to estimate the proportion of road traffic injuries, mortality and risk factors for the problem among all age groups in Ethiopia.Data sourcesA systematic review of articles using MEDLINE/PubMed SCOPUS Web of Science and science direct was conducted. Additional studies were identified via manual search.Study selectionOnly studies that reported road traffic injuries and/or mortalities for all age groups were included in this review.Data synthesisAll pooled analyses were based on random-effect models. Twenty-six studies for the prevalence of RTIs (n=37 424), 24 studies for road traffic injuries (RTI) mortality, (n=38 888), 9 studies for prevalence of fracture among RTIs (n=2817) and 5 studies for the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (n=1733) met our inclusion criteria. Driving in the dark increased severity of injury by 1.77, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.95). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool.ConclusionIn this review, the burden of road traffic injuries and mortalities remains high in Ethiopia. Human factors are the most common causes of the problem in Ethiopia. The existing safety regulations should be re-evaluated and supported by continuous behavioural interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124406.
Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate outcomes among patients with acute abdomen and abdominal trauma who presented at either of 2 referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to determine the factors associated with delay as well as the effects of prehospital and in-hospital delay on outcome. Methods: We conducted a 1-year prospective cross-sectional study, which included all cases of surgically treated acute abdomen and abdominal trauma admitted to St Paul General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. Standardized data collection forms were completed for all cases from 1 May 2008 to 30 April 2009. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 6 and SPSS version 13. Results: A total of 504 patients were studied. Diagnoses were: intestinal obstruction (34.6 %), appendicitis (33 %), and perforated peptic ulcer (3.6 %). Sixty-six percent of patients over 45 years of age, 60% of females, and 61% of intestinal obstruction cases were operated on within 3 days of illness onset. The 35% of patients who were operated on more than 3 days after the development of symptoms had a mortality of 67%. Fifty-four percent of the cases with a total prehospital and in-hospital time of more than 3 days had initially visited other health institutions. Conclusions: Delay of surgical intervention of more than 3 days for acute abdomen or abdominal trauma adversely affected outcomes. Women, patients older than 45 years of age, patients with intestinal obstruction, and those who were referred from other health facilities were delayed and had adverse outcomes. Keywords: delay in surgery; acute abdomen; abdominal trauma; surgical systems improvement
BackgroundPrehospital emergency care helps to reduce mortality and morbidity from time-sensitive conditions. In this study, we summarised the perspectives of various stakeholders on the establishment of a prehospital integrated emergency response system.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using a key informant interview. We used a purposive sampling technique to select participants from the sector offices based on their proximity to the problem under consideration. We took verbal informed consent from each participant before the interviews. We conducted a thematic content analysis.ResultsTwenty-three study participants, working at six sector offices (the zonal health office, University of Gondar, traffic office, fire extinguisher office, the Amhara regional health bureau and the Ethiopian red cross association), were included in this study. Five major themes have emerged. The themes that emerged include participants’ views on the importance of prehospital service, barriers and opportunities for establishing the system, and how to start and sustain the system.Conclusion and recommendationLack of resources is not the main reason for the lack of prehospital emergency care in the study area rather; lack of commitment, ownership and high turnover of decision-makers were the main reasons for the absence of prehospital care, as viewed by respondents. On the other side, the availability of professionals, training institutions and the fact that emergency care is a shared agenda by different stakeholders were stated as an opportunity to establish the system. With the growing number of injuries and non-communicable diseases, emergency management should get due attention.
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