Seed size and shape are important traits determining yield and quality in soybean. Seed size and shape are also desirable for specialty soy foods like tofu, natto, miso, and edamame. In order to find stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for seed shape and 100-seed weight, the current study used vegetable type and seed soybean-derived F2 and F2:3 mapping populations. A total of 42 QTLs were mapped, which were dispersed across 13 chromosomes. Of these, seven were determined to be stable QTLs and five of them were major QTLs, namely qSL-10-1, qSW-4-1, qSV-4-1, qSLW-10-1, and qSLH-10-1. Thirteen of the 42 QTLs detected in the current study were found at known loci, while the remaining 29 were discovered for the first time. Out of these 29 novel QTLs, 17 were major QTLs. Based on Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER), gene annotation information, and literature search, 66 genes within seven stable QTLs were predicted to be possible candidate genes that might regulate seed shape and seed weight in soybean. The current study identified the key candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling soybean seed shape and weight, and these results will be very helpful in marker-assisted breeding for developing soybean varieties with improved seed weight and desired seed shape.
The hardening of in vitro raised plantlets is essential for better survival and successful establishment. In the present study an attempt was made to find out the best ex vitro condition (single shade net and double shade net) for hardening of five different clones of sugarcane. The effect of temperature, light intensity and humidity on hardening of elite sugarcane genotypes were evaluated under two different hardening conditions. The results obtained in the present investigation concluded that both the ex vitro acclimatization conditions showed almost similar effect on number of leaves per plant. However, for chlorophyll content (mg/g), root characters, viz. number of roots, root length (cm), root volume (cm3) and survival ability, double shade net was found to be optimum for all the genotypes, viz. CoVC 09-61-02, CoVC 07-06-05, CoVC 09-61-07, CoC 671 and CoVC 10-38-07. Whereas, CoVC 07-06-05 and CoC 671 produced optimum shoot length under single shade net. Hence, it is clear that the double shade net served as better hardening condition as revealed from better survival and development of appropriate morphological characters of all the sugarcane clones.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (2n=40), an important source of the premium quality protein (40%) and oil (18-20%), suffers from poor viability of the seeds during ambient storage. The current study aimed to understand the genetic control of seed viability in soybean and its association with other traits through accelerated ageing test. A set of 119 F2:3 seeds from a cross between good storing genotype EC1023 (91.87% germination after 1 year of ambient storage) and poor-storing genotype VLS61 (60.87% after 1 year of ambient storage) were tested for viability and vigour through accelerated ageing (AA) test. The parameters of the AA testing, which were initially standardized from six different combinations, were-temperature: 41± 1 0 C, duration: 72 hours and relative humidity (RH): ~100%. The tested seeds differed significantly for viability and vigour index I and II, which ranged from 4.16 to 71.42%. The continuous distribution of the viability percent of the F2:3 seeds indicated an involvement of more than one gene in controlling the viability of the seeds. The percent seed germination found to be positively and significantly correlated with the average seedling length (r=0.78) and seedling dry weight (r=0.83). Similarly, seedling length was found to be positively and significantly associated with seedling dry weight (r=0.92). The information on genetic control of viability of soybean seeds along with its vigour indices would pave the way for mapping and deploying the genes for improvement of viability in soybean.
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