Nanodefects were artificially introduced into fused silica surface by n&o-indenting with a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM). The sample was illuminated at total internal refkction configuration and evanescent waves were detected by near-field scanning optical probe in the constant tip-sample separation mode. The strain fields associated with non-indents were attributed to the contrast mechanism in optical images. Thus the optical image directly maps out the strain distributions associated with these nano-indents. Optical images were taken at different polarizations of the incident light (s and p). Due to different field distributions near sample surface for the two polarizations, strain distributions at different depth can be probed. The spatial resolution of this technique is hmited by the probe aperture size and detector sensitivity. This technique may be a useful tool to study laser-induced damage mechanisms in optical materials in microscopic scale.
Non-member Masahiro Tanaka * Non-member Optical near-field in the aperture in the thick metallic screen is analyzed numerically by the three-dimensional volume integral equation with Generalized Minimum Residual Method. Numerical results have been confirmed by the invariance of the results of the discretized size and reciprocity. The dependence of the scattering cross section on the thickness of the screen have been calculated. It is found that near-field distribution around the small aperture is a slightly different from Bethe's results.
Background:Colon cancer is one of the common tumors of digestive tract. Studies of left-side colon cancer(LCC) and right-side colon cancer(RCC) show that these two subtypes had different prognosis, outcomes, and clinical response to chemotherapy. Therefore,it is necessary to explore the necessity of clinical classification of anatomic subtypes about colon cancer.Methods:We selected the transcriptome data, clinical information and somatic mutation data of colon cancer patients from the the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA )database portal.The transcriptome data included 390 colon cancer patients(172 LCC samples and 218 RCC samples),and the somatic mutation data included 142 LCC samples and 187 RCC samples.By conducting a multi-omics analysis of the LCC and RCC from the four aspects of clinical characteristics, immune microenvironment , transcriptomic differences and mutation differences, so as to compare the expression and prognosis difference of LCC and RCC.We are the first to construct prognostic signatures respectively for LCC and RCC respectively.The prognostic signatures is validated by internal testing set, complete set and external testing set(GSE39582).Additionally we also verified the independent prognostic value of the signature.Results:Clinical characteristics analysis results show that RCC had a significantly worse prognosis than LCC.Analysis the immune microenvironment analysis shows that RCC was more immune infiltration than LCC.The results of differential gene analysis showed that there were 360 differential expressed genes,with 142 up genes in LCC and 218 up genes in RCC.Correlation analysis of mutated genes showed that the expression of mutated genes in RCC was negatively correlated, while the expression of mutated genes in LCC was positively correlated, and the mutation frequency of RCC was generally higher than that of LCC.Meanwhile, our 4-mRNA LCC and 6-mRNA RCC prognostic signatures are highly predictive and can be used as independent prognostic factors.Conclusion:The clinical classification of anatomic subtypes of colon cancer is of great significance for its early diagnosis and prognostic risk assessment.Our study provides directions for individualized treatment of left and right colon cancer.
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