Listening and reading skills, which are two of the essential skills in the world of language learning, have established themselves in various academic fields. Many researchers have looked at teaching and developing these two receptive abilities, but less focus has been paid to assessing and testing them. Traditional evaluation has been used to examine learners for a long time, but new teaching methods should introduce new ways to test and assess students. This study attempted to investigate the impact of dynamic assessment (DA) vs. nondynamic assessment (NDA) on Ethiopian intermediate EFL learners’ receptive abilities, which was conceptually grounded by Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory (SCT). To this end, 96 intermediate students from a high school participated in this study. Then, they were divided into three equal groups: two experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) and one control group (CG). After administering a pretest, the EG1 and EG2 were taught listening and reading skills through group dynamic assessment, and the control group received traditional instruction. After the treatment, a posttest was administered. The results of one-way ANCOVA revealed that dynamic assessment had significant effects on receptive skills. This study has implications for instructors, students, and material designers in light of the findings. Teachers are encouraged to use DA in their language instruction to help students improve their English language abilities.

This study examines the role of the Microfinance on funding of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Gorodola Harakallo town. This study was exploring the role of microfinance institutions on small and medium enterprise as well as the extent to which the small business have benefited from the credits scheme of microfinance institution. The specific objectives of this study were as follows; to determine at what extent role of microfinance lead to increase the volume of gross sales of participants and to understand other factors that affect SME’s growth. This study tries to answer two important questions: To what extent does microfinance lead to increase the growth of sale costumer? What are the factors that affect small and medium enterprise growth? The literature review also describes the objectives and function of MFIs, role of microfinance policy, development and policy of SMEs challenges and opportunity and relationship between MFIs and SMEs.   With regard to the above objectives in mind, the research is carried out by gathering primary data through questionnaires and interviews with key informants. In addition, secondary sources of data have also been used. Eventually, using a mix of qualitative and quantitative tools, the study found out that SMEs have played positive role in improving income, creation of employment and improving the quality of life of the participants of the enterprises in the study area.

The actualization of value-based approaches to vocational education is determined by the presence of several contradictions, among which it is necessary to name the following: the need for educational practice in more productive means; the implementation of a humanistic educational paradigm and the unpreparedness of teachers to use them; the need for teachers with formed attitudes towards value attitudes towards themselves, their professional activities, education, self-development, to the people around them, and the lack of an effective system of pedagogical tools for solving the abovementioned problem in the process of professional training of future teachers; and the particular importance of the axiological component of the content of vocational education and its insignificant component at the level of the educational process. The article deals with the essence of professional thinking of the teacher, ways and means to develop its value-semantic component in the process of learning pedagogy, problematic dialogue, analysis of texts, promotion, and other professional reflection.

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