Energy-level alignment at organic–metal interfaces plays a crucial role for the performance of organic electronic devices. However, reliable models to predict energetics at strongly coupled interfaces are still lacking. We elucidate contact formation of 1,2,5,6,9,10-coronenehexone (COHON) to the (1 1 1)-surfaces of coinage metals by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the x-ray standing wave technique, and density functional theory calculations. While for low COHON thicknesses, the work-functions of the systems vary considerably, for thicker organic films Fermi-level pinning leads to identical work functions of 5.2 eV for all COHON-covered metals irrespective of the pristine substrate work function and the interfacial interaction strength.

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The flow field structure and aerodynamic forces of trains with aerodynamic brake in cross-wind after simplifying the train’s model are studied. Three-dimensional Reynolds average N-S equations (RANS) combining k-ω turbulence model is adopted. The SIMPLE method is used to couple the pressure and velocity. Firstly, the train’s flow field’s variation discipline caused by the aerodynamic brake is analyzed. Then the side force, lift force and rollover moment acting on the train with aerodynamic brake and the one without aerodynamic brake are compared on condition of various wind direction angles. The influence of the aerodynamic brake on trains’ aerodynamic forces and derailment coefficient on condition of various wind direction are analysed. It comes to a conclusion that the derailment coefficient of the train with aerodynamic braking is truly increased but only slightly increased and all the derailment coefficients are under 0.8 which satisfy the safety request of the train’s running safety.

Compared with the water source heat pump system and the water air-conditioning system, and analyzed climatic characteristics and the status of water resources utilization in Zhejiang Province. The shallow surface water used for feasibility of summer air-conditioning cooling is analysis. As an example, testing water of a village in Zhejiang province Lin'an city, the shallow surface water can be directly used for the feasibility of the summer air conditioning cooling from the angle of water temperature, water quality, and the investment cost and operation cost.

This study investigates the incorporation of peer-to-peer (P2P) computing model into smartphone, and discusses its potential benefits for collaborative mobile users. The goal of this study is to establish a P2P computing environment for network-capable smartphone. Besides, in order to support the interoperability of smartphones and allow them to share information seamlessly, this study proposes a service oriented P2P framework, utilizing XML and SOAP as the underlying communication media. A prototyping system of the proposed system is implemented. Its implications and applications are also discussed.