Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is recognized to be a novel mediator after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in the organism. It can be produced in various mammalian tissues and exert many physiological effects in many systems including the cardiovascular system. A great amount of recent studies have demonstrated that endogenous H 2 S and exogenous H 2 S-releasing compounds (such as NaHS, Na 2 S, and GYY4137) provide protection in many cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. In recent years, many mechanisms have been proposed and verified the protective role exhibited by H 2 S against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and this review is to demonstrate the protective role of exogenous and endogenous H 2 S on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Using Na 2 B 4 O 7 -20%K 2 CO 3 as molten salt, the electrolytic boronizing process was used to prepare TiB whiskers on the surface of the titanium. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) techniques were applied to determine the phases and their contents in boride layer. The cross-section morphology of the boride layer was measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the boride layer was composed of TiB 2 and TiB, with continuous phase TiB 2 as the outer layer and TiB whisker as the intermediate layer. The maximum length of TiB whisker could reach 230 mm, with an aspect ratio of over 1,000. The TiB whiskers were embedded into titanium substrate. The hardness of boride increase from 2,049.7 MPa to 3,270.6 MPa.
Central nervous system tumors are classified as diseases of special clinical significance with high disability and high mortality. In addition to cerebrovascular diseases and craniocerebral injuries, tumors are the most common diseases of the central nervous system. Hydrogen sulfide, the third endogenous gas signaling molecule discovered in humans besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of human diseases. It is reported that hydrogen sulfide not only exerts a wide range of biological effects, but also develops a certain relationship with tumor development and neovascularization. A variety of studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide acts as a vasodilator and angiogenetic factor to facilitate growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. In this review, the pathological mechanisms and the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the central nervous system tumors are introduced.
BackgroundAsthenozoospermia is one of the essential causes of male infertility, and its incidence is significantly higher in obese men. Due to its complex etiology and unknown pathomechanism, the diagnosis and treatment of obesity‐induced asthenozoospermia is a prevalent problem in reproductive medicine.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore major differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in seminal plasma and pathological mechanisms for obesity‐induced asthenozoospermia.Materials and MethodsWe performed non‐target metabolomic studies on the seminal plasma of healthy men with normal semen parameters (HN group, n = 20), obese men with normal semen parameters (ON group, n = 20), and men with obesity‐induced asthenozoospermia (OA group, n = 20) based on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Metabolic profilings and related pathway analyses were conducted to discriminate differential metabolites and metabolic pathways.ResultsA total of 20 differential metabolites including fructose, succinic acid, aconitic acid, methylmaleic acid, glucopyranose, serine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline and threonine were identified in HN group and ON group; 24 differential metabolites including glucose, fructose, pyruvic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, aconitic acid, glucopyranose, glutamic acid, valine, leucine, glycine, phenylalanine, lysine, citrulline, proline and alanine were produced in OA group and ON group; and 28 differential metabolites including glucose, fructose, citric acid, succinic acid, glucopyranose, valine, glycine, serine, leucine, phenylalanine, alanine, threonine, proline, glutamic acid, citrulline, lysine and tyrosine were produced in OA group and HN group. In addition, abnormal energy metabolism including carbohydrate metabolism (TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism) and amino acid metabolism (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, D‐glutamine and D‐glutamate metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism, etc.) were found in ON group and OA group.ConclusionObesity could affect the metabolite composition in seminal plasma and abnormal energy metabolism in seminal plasma mainly including carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were closely related to obesity‐induced asthenozoospermia.
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