Distance learning is a learning process that allows students and instructors are in different physical locations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, various countries including Indonesia chose the distance learning option to avoid the spread of the pandemic. However, the implementation of distance learning is not without problems. In Indonesia, the problems to implement distance learning are enormous both in terms of equitable distribution of infrastructure and costs for accessing the internet. To overcome these problems, research about best distance learning tools and its implementation strategy is really needed. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the strategies and tools for implementing distance learning that reliable and cost-effective for the student at the same time. Based on research that has been conducted by analyzing questionnaire surveys of 256 students in Indonesia, this research recommends tools combination strategy consists of Google Classroom tool as a learning app, Whatsapp group as broadcast messaging and Zoom as a video conference media for distance learning. This research also recommended to maximize the elearning/learning app features for theoretical lessons and consider video conference just in practical lessons so that the distance learning costs become cheaper for students.

The need for computer-based assessment provides an opportunity for test takers to maximize performance in solving questions prepared to their measure language skills. Specifically, this study develops receptive skill tests, i.e. listening, reading, and skills competency responding to the rules. Instruments were tested on the test participants who are elementary level students who join Indonesian language courses. The items were analyzed by Rasch model to determine the level of item difficulty. The results showed that the level of difficulty of the items in the normal distribution in accordance with the ability of test participants. Qualitative analysis shows (1) the weaknesses of using Google-form as a receptive skill test tool, such as connection and unstable internet signal even though tested at college level, test takers still record simultaneous material, the search tool used is not qualified hampering the testing process, (2) the advantages of using Google-form as a receptive skill test tool are there is no need to wait for late test takers, test takers have no chance to cheat and it is paperless, (3) the importance of determining starting point and test rules other. The conclusion of this research is the effectiveness of using Google form as a multimedia-based receptive skill tool capable of minimizing the testing procedure.

The research analyzes the standard setting and test material on Indonesian language test, specially for foreign students in Indonesia. The research used qualitative approach by doing in depth interview and content analysis. Data analysis techniques which were used are interactive patterns consisting of data collection, data reduction, conclusions, and data displays. The standard setting analysis was done by in depth interview with Indonesian language instructor for foreign speaker, document analysis (of) in the form of graduate competency standard, test instrument on listening skill, speaking, reading, writing, and grammar, assessment rubric. The needs for test materials design was identified by a questionnaire of material presentation and structural arguments that support judgment from expert. The constructs of test materials are compiled from BIPA textbooks that are compiled into a list of test materials to be assessed by the expert. The expert scored the importance of the material or the basis of the criteria. The results of the study indicate that an accurate standard setting is required in placing test participants at a level appropriate to the competence (ability) and based on the test material to suit the needs of BIPA students.

Modernization provides a major change in the structure of human life, including in relations between men and women in the marriage life. This change creates a new dimensions of masculinity, including those found in the lyrics of dangdut koplo songs. This research was conducted to answer the question, what is the form of the new dimension that represents Javanese masculinity in the lyrics of dangdut koplo songs? This research uses descriptive qualitative method by using Jonet Saltzman Chafetz's concept of masculinity. Chafetz divides masculinity into six areas, namely physical, functional, sexual, emotional, intellectual, and impersonal. The research gives conclusion that the Javanese dangdut songs raise three dimensions of masculinity, namely functional, emotional, and intellectual. The functional dimension places men in the role of breadwinners. The emotional dimension places men in a person with high emotional stability and maturity. Meanwhile, the intellectual dimension presents a male figure with logical, rational, and realistic thoughts.