Phyllanthus amarus and Costus afer are medicinal plants which are used traditionally for treatment of stomach disorders, cough and other bacterial infections. The ethanol leaf extracts of each of the plant and their combination was assayed in vitro for antibacterial activities using agar disc diffusion method and agar strip diffusion method respectively. The clinical isolated strains of bacterial used includes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The standard antibiotics susceptibility test was also carried out against the test bacterial organisms using the agar disc diffusion method and the result was compared with those of the ethanol leaf extracts. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Anova method; the values were statistically significant at P≤0.05. The ethanol leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus showed antibacterial activity at 50mg/ml and 150mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a mean inhibitory zone diameter of 7mm and 9mm respectively. When used against Escherichia coli, it had a mean inhibitory zone diameter of 8mm and 9mm respectively and was not effective against Klebsiella pneumonia. The ethanolic leaf extract of Costus afer showed activity at 150mg/ml with a mean inhibitory zone diameter of 9mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and there was no activity at 50mg/ml. It also showed activity against Escherichia coli with a mean inhibitory zone diameter of 8mm but was not effective against Klebsiella pneumonia. Thus, Phyllanthus amarus had a more effective antibacterial activity than Costus afer. The antibacterial activity of the two plants in combination when assayed had an antagonistic effect. The plants were more effective when used individually than when used in combination.
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