IntroductıonPolymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) (neutrophils) are a class of white blood cells that play an important role in an organism's defense against infectious agents such as microorganisms, virally infected cells, and tumor cells (

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Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is not only known for its nutritional properties but also its therapeutic virtues. The objective was to investigate the phenolic compounds and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of pulp, seed, and whole fruit of Algerian dates. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic pulp (EP), seed (ES), and whole fruit (EF) extracts were measured using colorimetric methods. Phenolic acids and flavonoid profiles were determined by RP-HPLC-UV. The examination of the antioxidant potential was established by Free radical scavenging DPPH and FRAP assays. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous pulp (AP), seed (AS), and whole fruit (AF) of dates at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW of each extract were carried out according to the experimental model of carrageenan-induced acute paw edema in mice, using diclofenac (50 mg/kg) as a reference product. Measurement of the percentage of inhibition of paw edema in mice as well as the histological study of the paw tissue, allowed us to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts investigated. Ethanolic pulp, seed, and whole fruit of date extracts contained total phenolic and flavonoids compounds at different concentrations as well as a diverse phenolic profile. The strongest antioxidant capacity was determined in ethanolic date seed extract. Concerning anti-inflammatory activity, the administration of aqueous pulp (100 and 200 mg/kg), seed (100mg/kg), and fruit (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) of date extract induced a higher anti-inflammatory response from the fourth hour after carrageenan injection compared to the standard group treated with diclofenac. It is concluded that pulp, seed, and whole fruit of Algerian date possess antioxidant activity with phenolic and flavonoid contents and anti-inflammatory activity and dates with pulp and seed parts could be used as a natural bioactive substance for supporting anti-inflammatory therapies.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of DMEM extract of Turkish propolis (TP) on the morphology of metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: The cells were incubated with DMEM extract of TP (collected from Trabzon in Turkey) at a dose of 2.5 mg/mL for 72 h. The effect of DMEM extract on proliferation and cytotoxicity of the cells was determined using 3-[4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion assay. MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with or without extracts were randomly photographed with a camera-coupled inverted microscope. Treated and control MDA-MB-231 cells were classified as monopolar, bipolar or multipolar, and their dimensions measured with an electronic caliper. Results: Although the extract reduced the proliferation of the cells, the effect was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, no cytotoxic effect was observed. Field diameters, process length and cell body diameters of the treated cells were increased by DMEM extract treatment in bipolar and multipolar cell types, but these parameters were decreased in monopolar cell type, although insignificantly (p < 0.05). In addition, the process thickness of treated MDA-MB-231 cells increased insignificantly in all cell types (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that DMEM extract of TP at a dose of 2.5 mg/mL morphologically suppresses monopolar MDA-MB-231 cells. Future studies would examine the morphological effects of different concentrations of the propolis extract in anti-proliferation, cytotoxicity and morphological investigations in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) extract of Turkish propolis on proliferation, cytotoxicity and lateral motility in MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: The antiproliferative activity of DMEM extracts of propolis was determined colorimetrically in MDA-MB-231 cells using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell toxicity and wound healing effects of the prpolis extracts were determined with trypan blue exclusion assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. Results: The cell number of MDA-MB-231 cells were decreased by the extracts at all concentrations for 72 h. The highest antiproliferative activity of the extract was demonstrated at 10 mg/mL for 24-72 h. Moreover, 5 and 0.31 mg/mL of the propolis extract showed significant antiproliferative activity at 72 h of incubation. The extract showed cytotoxic effect to MDA-MB-231 cells at 10 mg/mL. The extract (at a dose of 2.5 mg/mL) during 24-72 h did not produce any effect on lateral motility in MDA-MB-231 cells in the wound healing assay. Conclusion: These results indicate that the DMEM extract of propolis exerts antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells at different concentrations.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been going on since November 2019 in the World with different variants of SARS-CoV-2. Effective vaccine and drug investigations for COVID-19 are still ongoing. For decreasing the mortality rate of COVID-19 keeping social distance, using a mask, washing hands, and improving immune systems are important. Propolis is a natural bee product that contains various bioactive substrates such as polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals. Propolis via antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities could be used as prophylactic or adjuvant COVID-19 treatment.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a spice used for centuries for both condiment and medicinal purposes. Studies have shown that it has antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antiallergic, anti-aging, antitumoral and immunostimulatory activities. Activation of caspase-3 initiates the caspase activation chain, leading to apoptosis. In this study aimed to determine the apoptotic effect of DMSO-containing aged garlic extracts (AGE) on Myoid Cancer Cell lines (HL-60). Flow cytometry method and spectrophotometric caspase-3 activity analyzes were used using human lymphocyte cells as a control group. The highest apoptotic effect on HL-60 cell lines was observed in aged garlic extracts at a concentration of 12.5 mg/mL (10.9%). It was determined that caspase-3 activity in HL-60 cell lines increased by 1.28 to 3.02 times compared to lymphocyte cells. It was concluded that aged garlic extracts triggered apoptosis by increasing the activity of caspase-3 in HL-60 cell lines. It is thought that the aging of garlic has an anticancer effect and additional studies on this subject may bring new perspectives to cancer treatment.

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