Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of gender and childhood abuse on non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors among university students in Turkey. Subjects and methods: In this study convenience sampling technique was used, the sample consisted of 1000 young adults who were from the eight universities in two big cities; Istanbul and Ankara. Besides with demographic questionnaire, Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used. Results: The prevalence of NSSI was 28.5% and the most prevalent three self-injurious behaviors were wound picking, banging/hitting and pinching self. There was not a gender difference in NSSI behavior frequency but in the type of behavior; males had significantly higher percentages of hitting and burning behavior. Examining the intrapsychic and interpersonal functions of NSSI, "affect regulation" and "toughness" functions were the most used ones among the participants. In terms of gender differences, "revenge" function was used by females more than males. Self-injurers had higher childhood abuse scores on sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and neglect subscales than non self-injurers, and males were significantly more abused than females. Conclusions: Accepting childhood abuse as an important predictor of NSSI behavior, screening and assessment of abused children and adolescents can help to prevent the onset of the behavior.

While it is not always possible to prevent mobbing in organizations, individuals can be empowered to cope with it by regulating emotions. The purpose of this study was to explore mobbing and turnover intention in banking sector and to examine the moderating effect of negative emotions. Survey approach and free association technique were used with participants who were 164 bank employees in Istanbul, Turkey. Findings revealed that prevalence of mobbing is 30%. The most frequent aggressive behaviors are threats to individual’s personal and work reputation. As the environment is perceived more negative, perceived mobbing increases. With the high levels of mobbing negative emotions increase and turnover intentions arise. Negative emotions moderated the relationship between mobbing and turnover intention. Employees with high negative emotions showed more turnover intention when mobbing increased. Effective coping with mobbing is essential for individuals and organizations since it increases negative affect and turnover intentions in employees. This findings also underlines the importance of anti-bullying policies. To our knowledge, this paper examined the moderating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between mobbing and turnover for the first time.

In this empirical study we examined mobbing settings and outcomes with a data set from a cross-sectional occupational sample collected in ten cities in Turkey (N=853). The prevalence of mobbing in this sample was 23%, while victimization was 17% only. The most frequent aggressive behaviors were threats to the victim’s personal and occupational reputation such as having been denied a praise or promotion, having had one's contributions ignored by others, having been given unreasonable workloads above competence or simple and meaningless work below competence. Perpetrators were mostly superiors. Analyses revealed that oppressive management was the most influential factor for mobbing in work environment.