Due to increased evidence of sport's ability to impact local economies, the purpose of this study was to examine how aesthetic, technical, and functional "sportscape" qualities influence adventure sport athletes' perceptions of the event, as well as the host destination. Data were collected
from 341 athletes competing in adventure sport events throughout the 2016 summer season in two mountainous regions located in the US. Competitions under study included trail running, triathlons, mountain biking, open water swimming, and paddling events. Confirmatory factor analysis was able
to confirm the content validity of the scale, providing practitioners and scholars alike with future means of measuring adventure sport facets that are most salient and effective in explaining competitors' sport tourism hedonistic outcomes. Further, structural equation modeling was able to
explain causal relationships between the adventure sportscape constructs and nonlocal participants' destination image and event loyalty. Specifically, the model provides evidence that an event's atmosphere, extension events, and novelty characteristics are instrumental in fostering memorable
sport tourism experiences. Results and implications extend previous sportscape research that has focused predominately on sport specatators.
This instructional technique review paper outlines an opportunity for sport management instructors to integrate design thinking as a pedagogical tool into their classrooms to align with the demands of today's innovative and evolving sport industry. Design thinking enables students to become designers and to approach problems from an empathetic and creative perspective to promote innovative solutions to a wide range of problems. This paper will introduce design thinking concepts and how they align with advancing sport management curriculum before outlining the steps required for instructors to include design thinking into a sport management capstone class.
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