Caracterización fisicoquímica y biológica del río Roble, Alto Cauca, occidente de Colombia. Para determinar las diferencias diarias y estaciónales, así como la productividad y el estado trófico del río Roble, un afluente de la Vieja, alto Cauca al occidente de Colombia, tomamos muestras de fitoplancton, zooplancton, peces y macroinvertebrados y registramos variables físico-químicas (oxígeno disuelto, porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno, pH, conductividad, humedad relativa, temperaturas ambiente, del agua, máximas y mínimas, ancho, profundidad, velocidad de la corriente, sustrato, CO 2 , DQO, DBO 5 , dureza total, dureza calcica y durezas magnesicas, sólidos totales, disueltos y suspendidos, alcalinidad , acidez, cloruros y turbidez) durante sequía y lluvias. La mayoría de las variables físico-químicas tales como la humedad relativa, oxígeno disuelto y porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno mostraron bajos coeficientes de variación, a excepción de déficit de oxígeno. El índice de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener, Equidad y Dominancia fueron bajos alrededor de 0.5. Registramos ocho órdenes, 28 familias y 58 géneros de macroinvertebrados, tres divisiones, cinco órdenes y 45 géneros de fitoplancton, dos divisiones y seis géneros de zooplancton y 19 especies de peces. El río Roble presentó un estado trófico heterotrófico-alóctono y es oligotrófico con tendencia a la eutroficación. Key words: Estado trófico, limnología, bioindicadores, quebrada, metabolismo.Resumen: To determine dial and seasonal differences as well as productivity and the trophic status of the lower Roble river, a tributary of the Vieja and upper Cauca rivers of west Colombia, we sampled phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish and macroinvertebrates and recorded physicochemical variables (dissolved oxygen, percent oxygen saturation, pH, conductivity, relative humidity, temperatures environmental, water, maximum and minimum, width, depth, current velocity, substrate, CO 2 , COD, BOD, total hardness, calcium and magnesium, total solids , dissolved and suspended, alkalinity, acidity, chlorine and turbidity) during the wet and dry seasons. Most physicochemical variables such as relative humidity, dissolved oxygen and percent oxygen saturation showed low coefficients of variation, except for oxygen deficit. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, equity and dominance had low values around 0.5. We recorded eight orders, 28 families and 58 genera of macroinvertebrates, three divisions, five orders and 45 genera of phytoplankton, two divisions and six genera of zooplankton and 19 species of fishes. This river has an allochthonous-heterotrophic trophic state and productivity is oligotrophic but with a tendency to eutrophication.
Morphology of the species Hyphessobrycon, heterorhabdus group (Characiformes: Characidae) in Colombia. Hyphessobrycon is the most numerous and morphologically complex genus of Characidae, and includes 18 species reported for Colombia, from which thirteen belong to the heterorhabdus-group different methods have been proposed for species identification within this genus. This study used these species to undertake a morphogeometric analysis by the Box Truss and Thin Plate Splin (TPS) methods; 13 homologous landmarks type I and three type II were used. The result of cluster analysis indicated that these species are represented by two big groups: robust and thin. The uniform and non uniform components, and the principal warps (WP) and partial warps (Wparc), described the shape changes related to body depth, involving relative displacements of the appendicular skeleton and the cephalic region. All species were characterized by allometric growth with the exception of Hyphessobrycon mavro, who presented an isometry between the landmarks 6-7. Two new measures are proposed for species discrimination in the group (snout-supraoccipital spine distance and supraoccipital spine-pelvic fin). Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 709-725. Epub 2011 June 01.
Morphogeometry of fishes in the genus Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae), heterorhabdus group, from Venezuela. Hyphessobrycon is the most numerous and morphologically complex genus of Characidae, that includes 122 valid species, 17 of which are present in Venezuela. Different methods have been proposed for species identification within this genus. We present a morphometric analysis for the species Hyphessobrycon, heterorhabdus group. A total number of 310 individuals were photographed and analyzed by means of Box Truss method. The combination of 16 homologous landmarks and the design of Box Truss yielded 28 measurements. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated that the differences between the species are related to the distance between snout and the supraoccipital (81.7%), and between the supraoccipital and the base of the pectoral fin (11.87%). All species showed allometric growth except for Hyphessobrycon tuyensis, which resulted isometric in the Box Truss I. The partial deformations describe the form differences related to the cephalic region and the body depth. The great body form similarity is related to the phylogeny and biogeography of these species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 801-811. Epub 2010 September 01.
Se analiza la composición y la variación temporal de las comunidades de insectos acuáticos presentes en la parte baja de la quebrada Sardineros, afluente de río Verde, sistema rio Quindío en el Alto Cauca, Colombia. Se colectaron 2743 individuos en bajas lluvias y1020 en altas lluvias. Dipteray Trichoptera fueron los más abundantes en ambos periodos. Los índices de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener, dominancia de Simpson fueron bajas en ambos periodos climáticos, mientras la riqueza de Margalef fue alta. Los índices indicaron que la diversidad fue baja como consecuencia de la disminución del oxígeno disuelto y el aumento de la conductividad, durante el periodo de altas lluvias, lo cual contribuyo a la disminución de la calidad del agua que paso de ser buena (BMWP/Col: 191) durante las bajas lluvias a aceptable (BMWP/Col: 65) en altas lluvias. La prueba Hotelling's T-Squared corroboró las diferencias significativas en la estructura de la comunidad entre épocas (P=0,042, F=4,6) y la prueba de proporciones explico el cambio en la estructura del 74% de las familias de insectos analizadas; a partir de estos resultados se propone que la estacionalidad fue la variable que mas influyo en abundancia y diversidad de insectos acuáticos.
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