Spodoptera frugiperda is a novel invasive pest of maize crops. Therefore, studies on this pest are limited. Research on the use of artificial diets in S. frugiperda larvae rearing is essential to facilitate the provision of test larva stocks for lab-scale study purposes. The aim of this research was to figure out the effect of an artificial diet from soybeans as a protein source on S. frugiperda rearing. The parameters observed in this research were larval-stage longevity, larval survival rate, pupa size, sex ratio, pupal-stage longevity, pupal survival rate, fecundity, and nutritional index. The results showed that an artificial diet with soybeans had a significant effect on sex ratio, pupal survival rate, relative consumption rate (RCR) 4.89 g/g/day (4th instar); 1.99 g/g/day (5th instar), approximate digestibility (AD) 98.39% (4th instar); 95.45% (5th instar), and fecundity, but it did not have any significant effect on larval-stage longevity, larval survival rate, pupa size, pupal-stage longevity, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) 3.68% (4th instar); 7.84% (5th instar), and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) 3.76% (4th instar); 8.27% (5th instar). Artificial diet-based soybean was highly potential to be used in S. frugiperda rearing.
Restaurant wastewater has a relatively high organic matter content, so it needs to be treated to meet the specified quality standard. One of the technologies that can be used in restaurant wastewater treatment is Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) technology. The purpose of this study is to set up an aerobic SBR system with seeding and acclimatization treatments to reduce the amount of organic matter in restaurant wastewater when a shock load occurs. The research was done using wastewater from a restaurant in Bandung and activated sludge from the food industry in Bogor as seeds for microorganisms. In this study, the seeding process was carried out by introducing 25% activated sludge and 75% nutrients into the reactor, and the acclimatization process was carried out by introducing a specific ratio of nutrients and wastewater into the reactor gradually until the waste concentration reached 100%. The parameters tested were COD, MLVSS, DO, pH, and temperature. During the seeding procedure, the initial COD value of 3,200 mg/L declined. It began to stabilize on the seventh day, with a COD value of 1,080 mg/L. The COD removal reached a relatively stable condition in the acclimatization process starting on day 2, where COD decreased from the original 1,280 mg/L to 480 mg/L.
Sunda Wiwitan is a belief held by traditional Sundanese society or native Sundanese religion. Sundanese Wiwitan community is spread in West Java, one of which is Cigugur Village, Kuningan. In carrying out their religious activities, this group usually presents offerings. The rituals of offerings in Sunda Wiwitan have existed since the stone age. This ritual is a legacy from the ancestors handed down to the younger generation of Sunda Wiwitan through the communication process. This ritual is still carried out by the Sunda Wiwitan community until this day. The purpose of this research is to find out how the process of offering rituals on Sunda Wiwitan adherents and what are the preparations needed at the time of the ritual. Theories used in this research are communication theory, culture and ritual communication. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative research method with a phenomenological method. The data to be analyzed was obtained from the results of in-depth interviews with three speakers. The conclusion from this study is that ritual offerings are not a negative thing. But the offerings ritual is a ritual that presents the work of human beings to Sang Hyang Kersa or the Creator, creatures that appear or do not appear as expressions of gratitude and. This ritual is also a symbol that describes the relationship between humans and nature and humans with the Creator.
Karakterisasi Molekuler Isolat-Isolat Penyebab Bulai (Peronosclerospora spp.) pada Tanaman Jagung Berbasis Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) spesies Peronosclerospora spp yang diperoleh dari beberapa lokasi di Indonesia dan (2) keragaman genetik dan pengelompokkan antara isolat Peronosclerospora spp. yang diperoleh dari beberapa lokasi di Indonesi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Sereal (Balitsereal) Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan dan di Pusat Kegiatan Penelitan Universitas Hasanuddin. Isolat yang digunakan berasal dari Medan, Kediri dan Maros. Metode karakterisasi dilakukan secara molekuler dengan metode SSR. Hasil pengamatan dengan metode SSR efektif digunakan dalam studi keragaman genetik Peronosclerospora spp., Analisis kluster dengan UPGMA menghasilkan 3 kelompok, kelompok I terdiri dari 3 isolat asal Kediri, kelompok II terdiri dari 3 isolat asal Medan dan kelompok III terdiri dari 3 isolat asal Maros. Berdasarkan karakterisasi dan analisis kluster isolat dari 3 lokasi yang berbeda memiliki kemungkinan adalah spesies yang berbeda.
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