The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of essential plant oils from Vitex agnus-castus L. ), and plant essential oils were applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5 and 10 (μL/Petri -1 ) into the 5 mm diameter wells opened on the Petri dish surface. After that, the Petri dishes incubated at 22±2 °C. The results of this study, the essential oil of M. communis, at a dose of 10 μL/ Petri, inhibited the 100% mycelium growth of V. dahliae, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. The highest dose of VAC essential oil was also 100% inhibited V. dahliae and S. sclerotiorum. The LC 50 and LC 90 values of M. communis and VAC essential oil calculated for V. dahliae, FORL, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. This plant extracts were shown by in vitro conditions to be potential antifungal agents.

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The present study was conducted with the aim of determining biological activities of the Salvia bracteata plant, activities such as its antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, allelopathic and antifungal effects. To this end, aboveground parts (flowers + shoots + leaves) of S. bracteata plants were collected in the province of Kırşehir, Turkey, during the flowering stage in 2018. As a result of GC-MS analysis, 23 constituents were identified, representing 96.21% of the essential oil. The major compounds of essential oil were identified as ledol (24.12%), camphor (15.54%) and valencene (5.64%). In ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane extracts of S. bracteata, total phenolic content was found to be 104.63, 121.66 and 20.97 mg of GAE/g of extract, respectively, while flavonoid content was 12.89, 10.85 and 1.13 mg of QE/g of extract, respectively. In addition to this, DPPH radical removal activity was identified and found to be at its highest in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The TEAC (cation radical removal activity), FRAP (iron reduction power) and CUPRAC (copper reduction power) reduction activities of these plant extracts were also determined. The methanol extract of S. bracteata was found to have an allelopathic effect on Rumex crispus and Taraxacum officinale. This extract had a weak effect on development of the mycelium of Alternaria solani Sorauer, one of the most significant of plant-pathogenic fungi, but it was found to be ineffective on the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen.

INTRODUCTION Recently, much research has been conducted on the increased food production that will be needed for the rapidly increasing world population and on synthetic pesticides, with the goal of reducing damage to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, substantial yield losses occur due to insects and plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses 1,2. Synthetic chemicals (e.g., herbicides, fungicides and insecticides) are widely used in the control of plant diseases, pests and weeds. However, these chemicals may cause toxic residues in treated products 3. As mentioned above, synthetic pesticides can also cause environmental pollution owing to their slow biological disruption 4,5. In addition, other disadvantages of synthetic pesticide usage are the risk of resistance development by microorganisms, weeds and insects and the high cost of the products 6-8. Antifungal and Bioherbicidal Properties of Essential Oils of Thymus fallax Fish & Mey., Origanum vulgare L. and Mentha dumetorum Schult.

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Biotic and abiotic stress factors in the agricultural lands cause significant yield and quality loss in agricultural crops. Weeds, one of these biotic factors, cause yield and quality losses through allelopathy as well as competing against

Background: Salvia seeds are promite to dietary and healthy oils because they contain essential fatty acids. Salvia seeds frequently produce mucilage on soaking, and this mucilage is used for the treatment of eye diseases in eastern countries. Salvia species studied for medicine, food and cosmetics, have the potential to be used in the various fields. In the present study, selected engineering (geometrical, volumetrical, colour and frictional) properties of 6 Salvia species seeds were determined and compared. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on selected engineering properties of seeds of 6 Salvia species (Salvia viridis L., Salvia aethiopis L., Salvia cryptantha Montbert & Aucher ex Benthan., Salvia tomentosa Mill., Salvia sclarea L., Salvia virgata Jacq.,) cultivated in Turkey. Plants were collected during the vegetation in 2012-2013 (May-Agust). The seeds were cleaned from foreign matter, dirt and broken seeds manually. Results: The average length, width and thickness were found in the range of 2.61 to 3.53 mm, 1.59 to 2.92 mm and 1.14 to 2.52 mm, respectively. Salvia viridis L. specie had the lowest geometric mean diameter and surface area, whereas Salvia cryptantha L. had the least values among these 6 Salvia species for these properties. The bulk density, true density and the porosity were between 296.83 and 702.80 kg m

The antifungal and herbicidal activity of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don aqueous plant extracts were evaluated against important plant pathogenic fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. De Bary, Alternaria solani (Ellis & G. Martin) Sorauer, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, and Botrytis cinerea Pers.,) and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Antifungal activity experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and herbicidal activity was tested in the greenhouses. The leaves, root and flowers of aqueous extracts of T. orientalis at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 20% doses were applied on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and tested to plant diseases, and the dose of 5% of flowers and leaves aqueous extracts of T. orientalis were examined on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) against C. campestris. Antifungal activity displayed differences inhibited effects on mycelium growth of plant pathogenic fungi according to increasing extract dose and plant pathogenic fungi. The results showed that mycelial growth inhibitions were found effective in all extracts (leaf, flower and root) on S. sclerotiorum 0 to 100%, on A. solani 21 to 100%, on P. infestans 25 to 100% and, on B. cinerea 0 to 100% depending on the extract dose. According to herbicidal activity result the development of C. campestris has been reduced by looking the fresh (in tabocco: 0.3639 g and in sugar beet:0.6749 g) and dry (leaf extracts: in tabacco:0.0675 g and sugar beet: 0.1546 g; flower extracts: in tobacco 0.3246 g and sugar beet: 0.3421g) weight.