Background: Patient waiting time is defined as the total time from registration until consultation with a doctor. Experiences of waiting in general are perceived as complex, subjective, and culturally influenced. Registration time, payment process/cash billing, recording classification/triaged time, few human resources and work process are the determinants of patient waiting time in the general outpatient departments. However, the complexity of wait time is poorly understood and has been explored only to a limited extent.Objective: To assess patient waiting time and its determinants in Debre Markos and Felge Hiywot Referral hospitals of Amhara Regional State in North West, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based comparative cross sectional study design wasemployed fromOctober 20-November 20, 2014. The study population was patients presenting to general outpatient departments, from which464 patients was selected using systematic random sampling technique. Quantitative Data was collected using structured questionnaire and A check list adopted from studies.Quantitativedata was coded, entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS Software for windows version 20.0.Linear regression and bivariate logistic regression was applied to identify the determinants of each explanatory variable on outcome

Background Infant and young child feeding practice is a cornerstone of care for child development mentally and growth physically. Failure to proper infant and young child feeding practice is associated with increased risk of childhood morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess the prevalence of infant and young child feeding practice among 0-23 months of age children in irrigated and non-irrigated area of Dangila Woreda, North-west Ethiopia, 2021. Methods Community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from Dec 1, 2020 to Jun 1, 2021 with a total of 823 mothers who have infant and young children 0-23monthes of age in 9 selected Keebles were included in the study. Stratified sampling technic was implemented to select irrigated and non- irrigated kebeles and study units. Data was collected by face to face interview method. bivariate and multivariate analysis were used, variables with p<0.05, was taken as statistically significant and independently associated with infant and young child feeding practice. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to assess the strength of the association. Result Among 823 households visited, 802 participants gave complete responses with response rate of 97.4%. The overall prevalence infant and young child feeding practice was 62.5%, of these 72.8%(95%CI: 67.5%, 76.1%)from irrigated and 52.2%(95%CI: 47.8%, 57.4%), from non-irrigated area had good practice of IYCF. Moreover, the study identified that ANC (AOR= 2.138, 95% CI: 1.085, 4.210), knowledge (AOR= 2.43, 95% CI: 0.275, 0.612), attitude (AOR= 1.687, 95% CI: 1.129, 2.520), PNC (AOR= 1.606, 95% CI: 1.154, 2.360) and women’s decision making (AOR= 1.941, 95% CI: 1.305, 2.888) were significant predictor for IYCF among 0-23months of age children. Conclusion The overall prevalence of infant and young child feeding practice was (62.5%) in the study area and had shown significant variation between irrigated and non-irrigated area. Infant and young child feeding practice is high as compared previous study. Women’s decision making, ANC follow up, PNC follow up, attitude and knowledge were identified as the intervention areas..

Background : Neonatal sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the presence of infection during the first 28 days of life. Globally every year about 4 million children die in the first 4 weeks of life, of which 99% of the deaths occur in low and middle income countries and the  most  common causes of neonatal  death  in  Ethiopia.  Identification of the determinants for neonatal sepsis and treatment of newborns with sepsis is not adequate in low income countries like Ethiopia especially in southern part of the country. Objective : To identify determinants of neonatal sepsis admitted in neonatal intensive care unit at public hospitals of Kaffa zone, south west Ethiopia 2021. Methods : Institutional based unmatched case control study was conducted on a total sample of 248 (62 cases and 186 controls) in public Hospitals of kaffa zone from March to April 2021.The collected data were entered, coded and cleaned by Epidata version 3.1 and it was exported to SPSS version 25. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression was conducted. Variables with (p< 0.25) in bi-variable logistic regression analysis, were entered to multivariable logistic regression and then determinants which is statistical significant will be declared at P<0.05. Result: A total of 248 (62 cases and 186 controls) were included in the study. variables like  prolonged rupture of membrane >=18 hours [AOR =5.13, 95%CI=1.38-19.05], meconium stained amniotic fluid[AOR =6.03, 95%CI=2.16-16.90], intra-partum fever [AOR =8.26, 95%CI=3.12-21.97], urinary tract infections [AOR=14,55, 95%CI=4.91-43.10], breast feeding after a hour [AOR =3.9, 95%CI=1.27-12.02], resuscitation [AOR =13.25, 95%CI=3.44-51.01], no chlorohexidine application [AOR =4.27, 95%CI=1.65-11.08] were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion and Recommendation: Among the variables prolonged rupture of membranes, meconium stained amniotic fluid, intra-partum fever, UTI/STI, and not breast feeding with in a hour were maternal variables and resuscitation at birth and not application of chlorohexidine ointment on the umbilicus were neonatal variables that were found to be neonatal-related risk factors of neonatal sepsis.  Infection prevention strategies and clinical management need to be strengthening and/or implementing by providing especial attention for the specified determinants.

Background. High compliance is crucial for the success of a mass drug administration program to achieve lymphatic filariasis elimination. However, the presence of persistently noncompliant individuals might delay the elimination target. Besides, although context-based research is essential to designing effective strategies, only a few studies have focused on identifying factors that play a role in noncompliance with mass drug administration in Africa. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the factors associated with noncompliance to prevent mass drug administration using ivermectin-with-albendazole for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A case-control study was conducted in Jawi District, Northwest Ethiopia. All individuals who are permanently living in the study area and registered on the annual chemotherapy registration book since 2015 were included in this study. A two-proportion formula was used to estimate the required sample size and 348 cases and 348 controls were selected by identification number on the village chemotherapy registration book using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire developed through an intensive literature review. Then, data were entered and cleaned by using the EPI DATA software, and analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26. Finally, a logistic regression analysis technique was applied to identify the risk factors using adjusted odds ratio as measures of effect. Results. A total of 690 (99.1%) participants, 345 cases and 345 controls, were included in the study. Younger age (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI: 1.10, 2.33), female sex (AOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.24, 3.93), thought of not being susceptible to the disease (AOR = 2.36, 95%CI: 1.80, 4.32), lack of disease knowledge (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.38, 3.81), fear of drug side effect (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI:1.23, 4.86), and not participating in community drug distributors selection (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.91) were found to be the risk factors significantly associated with noncompliance. Conclusion. Noncompliance with lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration therapy was associated with specific demographic, individual, program, and drug delivery characteristics. This finding has important implications for program effectiveness and would be used to accelerate the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the study area and other endemic settings.

Background: Community-based health insurance is provided in several countries as part of the overall health funding approach, Including Ethiopia. Ethiopia has been utilizing the Basic healthcare model and has endured a number of fundamental issues, such as insufficient service coverage, unequal access, and high out-of-pocket expenses. However, there are few studies showed that low CBHI utilization. However, enrollment is a progressive activity, and there is updated evidence about factors of utilization. Objective: This study was focused on the factors affecting community-based health insurance utilization among households in Degadamot District, Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 736 households from August 15 to October 15, 2022. Participants were screened by using a two-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaire and entered into EPI-Info 7 and transported to SPSS version 26. Multi-variable logistic regression was performed to further analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval accounted significantly between dependent and independent variables. Result: Among the total of 736 respondents, 66.7% [63.2%–70.1%] of them reported being members of the CBHI scheme. The mean age (±SD) of the study participants was 44.9 (±16.5) years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants who were aged in years of 35-54 years(AOR=2.89; 95% CI: 1.78, 4.69), 55-74 years(AOR=3.84; 95% CI: 2.18, 6.75), >= 75 years(AOR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.89), family size of households who had 5 and above members(AOR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.43-2.95), primary education(AOR=2.10; 1.43, 2.95), secondary and above education(AOR=2.50; 95% CI: 1.88, 4.99), had own land (AOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.54), had own domestic animals (AOR=2.11; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.54), enrolled in Safety net program (AOR=2.80; 95% CI: 1.52-5.15) and had good knowledge about CBHI(AOR=3.16; 95% CI: 2.08, 4.45) factors were significantly associated with CBHI utilization. Conclusion: community-based health insurance utilization was affected by factors with age, family size, residence, educational status, owning land and domestic animals, being enrolled in the Safety Net program, and having good knowledge about CBHI were associated with CBHI utilization. As a result, a strong monitoring and evaluation system, strategies designed to increase awareness levels about the CBHI scheme's benefits, special considerations for aged people, and collaboration with social security sectors.