Ash resulting from biomass energy resource utilization contains a wide range of metal oxides and hydroxides, which may influence the capacity of the ash to be used as a soil amelioration material. This study aimed to assess the effects of different ashes on changes in soil carbon (C) mineralization and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in reclaimed mining soils (RMSs). Different levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 Mg ha −1) of three ashes (rice husk, oil palm shell, and coal fly ash) were applied to 10-year RMS for a 120-day incubation period. Carbon mineralization was measured over the 120-day incubation period, while MBC and selected chemical properties were quantified at the end of the incubation period. The results of the study showed that the application of rice husk and oil palm shell ash at all levels and coal fly ash at low levels (≤ 25 Mg ha −1) increased C mineralization and MBC. However, the C mineralization and MBC of the soil decreased significantly when the amount of added coal fly ash reached 75 Mg ha −1. These decreases in C mineralization and MBC may be ascribed to the harmful effect of high amounts of coal fly ash on microbial activity and the increased specific surface areas and contents of Ca, Mg, oxalate-and dithionite-extractable iron and aluminum in soil with high amounts of added coal fly ash. This study demonstrates that the application of different types of ash to RMS leads to different C mineralization and soil MBC responses.
Tropical peatlands with very high organic carbon (C) contents have the potential to be a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production. Therefore, the management of tropical peatlands is essential to prevent peat decomposition and to reduce the production of CO2 and CH4. We added different amounts of coal fly-ash (CFA) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 Mg ha−1) to tropical peats in a laboratory study to quantify changes in CO2 and CH4 production in response to the application of CFA. The amounts of CO2 and CH4 produced by the mixtures of peats and CFA over 90 days were monitored on weekly basis. Peat pH, concentrations of hot-water soluble C, calcium and iron were also measured at the end of incubation period. Results of study revealed that the application of CFA up to 50 Mg ha−1 did not change the production of CO2 and CH4, while the application of CFA by 50–125 Mg ha−1 reduced 12–24% of CO2 and 9–15% of CH4. The decrease in the production of CO2 and CH4 due to the relatively high amount of CFA application was related to the decrease in the amount of hot soluble organic C and the increase in the concentrations of Ca and Fe. This study demonstrates the potential of CFA as waste materials from coal processing of power plants in reducing CO2 and CH4 emissions of tropical peatlands.
Coal fly ash, resulted from coal combustion in power plants, with relatively high amounts of aluminium, iron, calcium, and magnesium oxides may modify the sorption capacity of soils. A batch experiment was conducted to examine the capacity of reclaimed mining soils (RMS) to adsorb organic carbon (OC) in response to coal fly ash application. Extraction of dissolved OC was carried out from dried albizia shoot residue and reacted with the RMS at dissolved OC concentrations varying from 0 to 175 mg C L-1 at pH 5.5. The results showed that the sorption capacity of the RMS for OC increased significantly with coal fly ash application, which may relate to increasing the contents exchangeable Ca and Mg, dithionite- and oxalate-extractable aluminium and iron, and surface areas of soils. Desorption experiment indicated that only 5-23% of the OC initially sorbed onto soil-coal fly ash interactions was freed using a single extraction step, suggesting that most of the OC is strongly sorbed to the mineral surfaces. Results of the study indicate an important role of fly ash in increasing OC sorption capacity of soils and reducing the percentage of OC sorption from the RMS-coal fly ash association.
Coal fly ash (CFA) is a byproduct using coal as an energy source in power plants. The long-term storage of this industrial waste in open, indiscriminate disposal sites without further consumption poses environmental issues. Khan and Umar (2019) showed an increase in the concentration of several heavy metals in groundwater near CFA disposal sites, which exceeded the World Health Organisation's (Dowhower et al. 2020) recommended drinking water standards. Several studies have also shown toxic contamination elements in soil and groundwater around the disposal sites (Kicińska 2019, Seki et al. 2021). The aforementioned results show the need for CFA management to prevent soil and groundwater exposure to toxic elements originating from leached CFA.The mineral and chemical properties of CFA allow the reuse of CFA to have a better economic value while simultaneously reducing environmental risks. CFA is used in manufacturing ceramic tiles and producing high-volume concretes (Luo et al. 2021). It also treats wastewater through adsorption, filtration, the Fenton process, photocatalysis, and coagulation (Mushtaq et al. 2019). Premkumar et al. (2017 reported that CFA is an effective stabiliser in enhancing the erosion resistance of dispersive soils. This industrial waste is also used in agriculture to improve soil properties and increase the yield of crops (Saidy et al. 2020, Haris et al. 2021, Ukwattage et al. 2021.The presence of oxides, which neutralise acidic soils, and trace elements, that provide nutrients for
The Covid-19 pandemic has made all activities carried out online so that technological advances are the focus of development. The purpose of the service is to find out the Coordinate Retrieval Information System Using Google Map for Fire Mapping in Wetlands. The methodology used to use and utilize this application system is the Waterfall Model. Socialization and Training of Android-Based Applications is based on a geographic information system to view and find out the position of a location, for example the location of a settlement in a wetland area that has a high potential for disaster. The stages carried out in this service activity are the preparation stage and the stage of taking coordinates.
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