In this paper, the issue of failure assessment in the drinking water distribution system was presented. This specific study was conducted on the water distribution system on the campus of Bahir Dar Institute of Technology. The current problem in Bahir Dar institute of technology is that the water infrastructure is aging and has not been spending adequate to repair, replace, or rehabilitate drinking water distribution systems. This develops higher stresses on the water distribution network causing pipes to crack, or rupture permanently while in service. Due to this problem, the whole water supply components in the distribution network led to increased water loss and quality reduction. The general objective of this study is to assess the risk of the water distribution system in the Bahir Dar Institute of technology water supply distribution system. In this study, a structural risk assessment was developed by using ARC GIS 10.5 and Water Cad V8i to get prioritize maps of the water distribution system and hydraulic analysis of the drinking water distribution system of the institute. In developing this assessment, the score was established based on the preset criteria to evaluate customer point risk and structural point risks such as water quality, water availability, pressure head adequacy, the flow rate of water, pipe, storage facility, and pump. Based on the result obtained from an equal weight approach, the score of the drinking water distribution system risk index is a medium level (2.56) with a low level of structural risk (2.5) and a medium level of consumer point risk (2.62). The results evaluated by the AHP method, structural risk has had the highest weight score (76%) which means it needs more priority than consumption point risk (24%), and the result of drinking water distribution system risk index laid at the medium level (2.7), it indicates the institution drinking water distribution system put at the satisfactory condition with the sum up the effect of medium structural risk index (2.65) and medium consumption point risk (2.82). Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the components of the campus water supply distribution system, particularly parts of the pipe and the majority of the pump, should be replaced before they become obsolete, and suitable preventive measures should be taken.

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Temperature and precipitation trend fluctuations influence the components of the hydrological cycle and the availability of water supplies and their resulting shifts in the balance of lake water (lake level). Quantile mapping was applied to correct temperature biases, and power transformation was applied for rainfall correction. The performance of the HBV model was evaluated through calibration and validation using objective functions (RVE, NSE) and

Hand-dug wells can range in depth from roughly 5 meters to more than 20 meters. Hand-dug wells can range top to bottom from about 5 m depth, to deep wells more than 20 m. Wells with a depth of more than 30 m are now and then developed to exploit a known aquifer. It is unrealistic to excavate a well that is less than a meter in measurement; an excavation of about 1.5 m in breadth gives adequate working space to the diggers and will permit a final internal diameter of about 1.2 m after the well has been lined. The wells tap water from shallow aquifers for residential water use, small enterprises, and small water system plans. Many hand-dug wells exist in the Guna Tana landscape. They are significant in both urban and rural communities. The wells are dug by hand and confined to digging ground, such as muds, sands, rock, and blended soils where just small stones are encountered. Some communities utilize the ability and information on nearby well diggers; however regularly, the excavation is completed, under oversight, by the locals themselves. Well development cost is modest, as low-scale innovation and labor are utilized. Problems with hand-dug wells incorporate susceptibility to contamination/ sullying; extraordinary decreases in water level during the dry season; low good yields; silting up of wells; and collapsing or crumbling of well dividers, and so forth. New plans are proposed to improve the effectiveness and execution of this old innovation. In the Guna Tana Landscape, wells ought to be finished in April and May when the water level is deepest. Well yield is improved by utilizing slotted concrete rings to screen the aquifer. Anti-contamination devices are likewise proposed for better water quality. Such wells would give more consumable water to the urban and provincial poor. An improved sort of opened/slotted solid concrete ring has been intended for use in the screened portion of the well. Non-perforated solid rings are utilized in the non-productive portion of the aquifer or over the water table, to prevent collapsing or falling of well walls. A convex spread structure is a defensive edge stretching out past the boundary of the well, to prevent the entrance of surface contaminants. Water from the dug wells is pumped through an external filtration system into an overhead stockpiling/ treatment tank utilizing a modest pumping system. These structures are proposed to improve the effectiveness of the wells, to give strength to the wells and better well yield, and to diminish the frequency of contamination/pollution inside the well and its general condition. KeywordsHand-dug well • Well development • Well depth • Wells yield • Guna Tana landscape * Mekash Shiferaw Kifelew