Failure assessment for drinking water distribution system in the case of Bahir Dar institute of technology, Ethiopia

Abstract

In this paper, the issue of failure assessment in the drinking water distribution system was presented. This specific study was conducted on the water distribution system on the campus of Bahir Dar Institute of Technology. The current problem in Bahir Dar institute of technology is that the water infrastructure is aging and has not been spending adequate to repair, replace, or rehabilitate drinking water distribution systems. This develops higher stresses on the water distribution network causing pipes to crack, or rupture permanently while in service. Due to this problem, the whole water supply components in the distribution network led to increased water loss and quality reduction. The general objective of this study is to assess the risk of the water distribution system in the Bahir Dar Institute of technology water supply distribution system. In this study, a structural risk assessment was developed by using ARC GIS 10.5 and Water Cad V8i to get prioritize maps of the water distribution system and hydraulic analysis of the drinking water distribution system of the institute. In developing this assessment, the score was established based on the preset criteria to evaluate customer point risk and structural point risks such as water quality, water availability, pressure head adequacy, the flow rate of water, pipe, storage facility, and pump. Based on the result obtained from an equal weight approach, the score of the drinking water distribution system risk index is a medium level (2.56) with a low level of structural risk (2.5) and a medium level of consumer point risk (2.62). The results evaluated by the AHP method, structural risk has had the highest weight score (76%) which means it needs more priority than consumption point risk (24%), and the result of drinking water distribution system risk index laid at the medium level (2.7), it indicates the institution drinking water distribution system put at the satisfactory condition with the sum up the effect of medium structural risk index (2.65) and medium consumption point risk (2.82). Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the components of the campus water supply distribution system, particularly parts of the pipe and the majority of the pump, should be replaced before they become obsolete, and suitable preventive measures should be taken.

Bacteriological quality of drinking water for Masinga-Kitui water supply system, Kenya

“…To some extent agricultural activities and lack of proper maintenance of water infrastructure in the urban areas have contributed to water contamination in the distribution system especially where broken pipes stay for long without getting repaired. 26 According to the literature, contamination of water at the household level is associated with poor household hygiene. 26,27 Researchers have established that contamination of public water with FC and TC contribute a lot in the outbreaks of waterborne diseases as a result of drinking contaminated and untreated water.…”

“…26 According to the literature, contamination of water at the household level is associated with poor household hygiene. 26,27 Researchers have established that contamination of public water with FC and TC contribute a lot in the outbreaks of waterborne diseases as a result of drinking contaminated and untreated water. 28 This study established that there were very few households where fecal coliforms level was below 100CFU/100ml.…”

“…This concurs with the results obtained by Daniel and others that the quality of household water was significantly related with the quality of water from the source. 26,28 This study suggests that the issue of contamination of water with coliforms should be investigated following the WHO guidelines in order to identify the key contaminants of water in the distribution network. 32…”