IntroductionMalignant change in a leiomyoma or uterine fibroid is termed leiomyosarcoma. It arises from smooth muscle of the uterus and is a rare tumor that accounts for 2% to 5% of all uterine malignancies. Very few cases are reported in the literature. Our patient did not have any history of genital bleeding, which is the usual presentation in uterine sarcoma. We report an original case report of an unusual presentation of this rare tumor arising from the uterus.Case presentationA 40-year-old nulliparous woman of South Indian origin presented with a mass in her abdomen for one year with a rapid increase in size over the previous three months. Tumor marker CA-125 was raised, and a computed tomography scan showed a mass arising from the pelvis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and the histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma.ConclusionBecause of their rarity, uterine sarcomas are not suitable for screening. Diagnosis is by histopathologic examination and surgery is the only treatment. The prognosis for women with uterine sarcoma primarily depends on the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis and the mitotic index.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an exceptional setback to the global economy and health. Vaccination is one of the most effective interventions to markedly decrease severe illness and death from COVID-19. In recent years, there have been increasingly more reports of new acute kidney injury (AKI) after COVID-19 vaccination. Podocyte injury, IgA nephropathy, vasculitis, tubulointerstitial injury, and thrombotic microangiopathy appear to be the main pathological phenotypes. Nonetheless, whether the link between the COVID-19 vaccine and acute kidney disease (AKD) is causal or coincidental remains to be verified. Here, we generalize some hypotheses for the emergence of AKD and its pathogenesis in response to certain COVID-19 vaccines. In fact, the enormous benefits of mass vaccination against COVID-19 in preventing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality cannot be denied. The purpose of this review is to assist in the clinical assessment and management of AKD following COVID-19 vaccination.
This paper discusses the various steps involved in the establishment of forest genebanks with particular reference to the conservation of the genetic resources of Phyllanthus emblica, an important medicinal plant species of India.
Vapor-liquid equilibria of two binary systems, benzene-n-hexane and benzene-cyclohexane, were measured at pressures from 4 to 18 atm. The three-constant RedlichKister equation was found satisfactory for correlation.With the benzene-n-hexane system no azeotrope occurred ; with the benzene-cyclohexane system an azeotrope appeared, and the mole fraction of cyclohexane in it diminished with increase in pressure. Lack of correction for fugacity in the vapor phase introduced a maximum error of 4'% in activity coefficients at highest pressure.Previously published data on these two normal boiling points of the azeotrope and systems have been restricted to measuren-hexane. ments a t atmospheric pressure and haveVapor-liquid equilibria and thermodyconflicted as to the occurrence or absence of namic properties of the benzene-cyclohexane an azeotrope in the benzene+-hexane sys-system have been established by Scatchard, tem. Tonoberg and Johnston (11) reported Wood, and Mochel (10) and by Wood and vapor-liquid-equilibria data on the benAustin (12), who attribute the highly zene-n-hexane system a t atmospheric presirregular behavior of this system to the sure and found no azeotrope, Other investigators ( I T , 5, ' 7, 6) reported the formation of an azeotrope. Griswold and Ludwig (b), in commenting on the data of Tonoberg and Johnston. stated that the azeotrope perhaps escaped detection because of the small temperature difference, 0.1 "C., between the large entropy of mixing. Richards and Hargreaves (9) established similar data on this system a t atmospheric pressure and found the azeotrope composition to be 50.2 mole % benzene a t a normal boiling point of 77.4"C. As the boiling points of the pure components are close together, a slight deviation from ideality readily produces a minimum boiling azeotrope (8). APPARATUS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREThe apparatus used for measuring vaporliquid equilibria was a continuous liquidrecirculating still similar to that used by Griswold et al. ( I ) , as shown in Figure 1.It consisted of a still, condenser C, reboiler leg B, condensate reservoir CR, and calibrated spring-loaded nonreturn valve N (Figure 2).Temperature measurements were made with an iron-constantan thermocouple with its cold junction a t the melting point of iceTemperatures recorded by the thermocouples, being slightly lower than the true values owing to heat losses along the thermocouple wires, were made by use of the following equation for the size of wire used: to = 0.000 15686 t" + 0.9996 t + 0.856 (1) mhere to = true trmpernture and t = observed ternpcrature. Pressures were measured by a Bourdon gauge having a scale range of 0 to 600 lb./sq. in. and a dial 8 in. in diameter with divisions mnrked a t 2 lb./sq. in. intervals. This gauge was calibrated periodically against a dead-weight gauge. A Doran potentiometer in conjunction with a multifluu-spot galvanometer was used to record potentials (Figure 3). Vaporpressure-temperature relationships were measured for three pure compounds, benzene (b.p. 80.1°C.), cyclohexane...
BackgroundNeonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), caused by maternal antibodies raised against alloantigens carried on foetal platelets, is a very common haematological abnormality in newborns worldwide. However, baseline data on NAIT in China are lacking. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the incidence of alloantibody against the human platelet antigen (HPA) in pregnant women and its associations with NAIT in China.MethodsA multicentre, prospective cohort study design will be used, and 55,497 pregnant women will be recruited for the first screening of the anti-HPA antibody at 12 to 28 weeks of gestational age. Subjects who are positive in the first screening for the anti-HPA antibody will be included in the exposure group. Re-tests of the antibody titre, antigen-specificity and genotyping of HPA and HLA will be conducted during admission. A ratio of 1:1 paired individuals with the same ethnicity and parity but testing negative for the anti-HPA antibody will be randomly selected to be included in the non-exposure group. NAIT will be diagnosed in the newborns on day one of the birth. The HPA of the neonates in the exposure group will also be genotyped by sequencing. Associations of maternal HLA with the occurrence of the anti-HPA antibody and correlation of the severity of NAIT with the titre of the anti-HPA antibody will be further analysed.DiscussionThe study is expected to provide baseline data on NAIT in China. Besides, we hope to find out a population who expresses particular HLA molecules has significant higher risk of HPA alloimmunization in Chinese individuals. We also hope to find a Chinese-specific cut-off antibody titre for the prediction of the severity of NAIT and to provide a means to evaluate the necessity of antenatal treatment.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02934906 (date registered: 13.10.2016).
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