Background: Primary volvulus of the small intestine associated with chylous ascites is very rare, with only four reported cases. In this paper, we report a new case of primary volvulus associated with chylous ascites.Case Presentation: The patient was a 70-year-old man. After experiencing bloating and abdominal pain for several hours, he called an ambulance and underwent an emergency examination at our hospital.Abdominal distension, pressure pain, and rebound tenderness were observed throughout his entire abdomen. The patient had a history of hypertension for which he was receiving oral treatment. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed an edematous change in the intestinal membrane and volvulus of the small intestine. As findings suggestive of ischemia were observed in part of the intestines, emergency surgery was performed on the day of admission. Open surgery revealed approximately 500 mL of chylous ascites in the abdominal cavity. The small intestine had twisted 180°in a counter-clockwise direction at the root of the superior mesenteric artery, and the mesentery appeared milky white with edematous changes extending 75 to 240 cm from the ligament of Treitz.There was no evidence of intestinal necrosis; therefore intestinal resection was not performed. The volvulus of the small intestine was corrected. Moreover, because there was no other underlying disease observed, surgery was completed. The ascites collected during surgery revealed high levels of triglycerides at 332 mg/dL, and chylous ascites was diagnosed. An abdominal CT performed on the third day after surgery showed an improvement in intestinal edema, and primary volvulus of the small intestine associated with chylous ascites was diagnosed. Postoperative progress was good, and the patient was discharged on hospital day 10. (J Nippon Med Sch 2017; 84: 83 86)
Accurate pre-operative localization of nonpalpable lesions plays a pivotal role in guiding breast-conserving surgery (BCS). In this multicenter feasibility study, nonpalpable breast lesions were localized using a handheld magnetic probe (TAKUMI) and a magnetic marker (Guiding-Marker System®). The magnetic marker was preoperatively placed within the target lesion under ultrasound or stereo-guidance. Additionally, a dye was injected subcutaneously to indicate the extent of the tumor excision. Surgeons checked for the marker within the lesion using a magnetic probe. The magnetic probe could detect the guiding marker and accurately localize the target lesion intraoperatively. All patients with breast cancer underwent wide excision with a safety margin of ≥5 mm. The presence of the guiding-marker within the resected specimen was the primary outcome and the pathological margin status and re-excision rate were the secondary outcomes. Eighty-seven patients with nonpalpable lesions who underwent BCS, from January to March of 2019 and from January to July of 2020, were recruited. The magnetic marker was detected in all resected specimens. The surgical margin was positive only in 5/82 (6.1%) patients; these patients underwent re-excision. This feasibility study demonstrated that the magnetic guiding localization system is useful for the detection and excision of nonpalpable breast lesions.
Background: PIK3CA is associated with tumor progression, and the prevalence of its mutation is high in breast cancer. Liquid biopsy offers convenient, non-invasive, and realtime insight into genetic alternation. In this study, we attempted to detect PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer patients through liquid biopsy. Methods: We recruited patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer with distant metastases between April 2020 and September 2020. Circulating DNA was extracted from plasma (ctDNA) and exosomes (exoDNA). PIK3CA mutations (exons 9 and 20) were analyzed by droplet digital PCR. Results: Of a total of 52 patients recruited, 16 had PIK3CA mutations in their tumor tissue or blood, which comprised 9 with exon 9 mutations (E542K and E545K) and 8 with exon 20 mutations (H1047L and H1047R). In 8 (15%) of the 52 patients, PIK3CA mutations were detected by liquid biopsies using ctDNA in 5 (9%), exoDNA in 6 (11%), and both ctDNA and exoDNA in 3 (6%). Of the 8 patients with PIK3CA mutations detected by liquid biopsies, 3 had no PIK3CA mutations in the primary tumors. Conclusions: PIK3CA mutations can be detected using liquid biopsy even in patients with no PIK3CA mutations in their primary tumors; thus, combination analysis using tissue and liquid biopsies can provide clinically useful information for patients with breast 3 cancer.
Background: Non-palpable breast lesions represent about 25-35% of all breast cancers diagnosed in developed countries, according to findings based on the evolution of imaging modalities such as MRI, and the uses reliable biopsy techniques such as ultrasound-guided or stereo-guided vacuum assisted biopsy. Wire -guided localization (WGL), radio-guided localization (RGL), and SAVI SCOUT localization (SSL) have been presented as a surgical procedure for non-palpable breast lesion. The reported disadvantages of WGL are related to mechanical stimulation of wire plucking, kinking, and patient discomfort. RGL has issues regarding radioactive licensing, handling, and waste management, and the SSL system requires high start-up costs. To eliminate these problems, we verified the magnetically guided localization (MGL) method for breast lesion localization by means of the combinations of the magnetic probe TAKUMI (ISO13485, Matrix cell Research Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan) and the guiding-marker system® (Hakko, Tokyo, JAPAN). The TAKUMI is a novel handheld magnetic probe with a permanent magnet and a Hall magnetic sensor for detecting magnetic substances. It was newly developed at the University of Tokyo under a grant from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of our MGL system. Method: Patients were enrolled in this multi-center, open-label trial from January 2019 to March 2019 at two University Hospitals. The inclusion criteria were age 20 or older female patients who had non-palpable breast lesions, for which breast-conserving surgery or tumor resection was performed. Patients who had a metal allergy, pregnancy, or inflammatory breast cancer were excluded. The guiding-marker system® consists of a stainless-steel hook (φ 0.28 × 10 mm) connected with a nylon thread and an a 21-gauge 10 cm long steel needle.The marker was inserted into the center of the target lesions using ultrasound guidance or stereo guidance within 4 days before surgery. The TAKUMI was used to determine whether the guiding marker was detectable or not before, during, and after the surgical resection of the specimen. The resection rate of the guiding marker, surgical margin status, and re-operation rates were evaluated as the primary outcomes, and the volume and weight of the excised specimen were evaluated as secondary outcomes. The study protocol of the evaluation of magnetic probe system for detecting of non-palpable lesions of the breast was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Nippon Medical School Foundation (CRB3180001) and was registered at https://jrct.niph.go.jp/re (protocol record jRCTs032180422). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: Forty-one patients were recruited into this study. Thirty-eight patients (92.6%) underwent breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer treatment, and 3 (7.3%) underwent tumor resection for biopsy purposes. All guiding markers were resected during the initial surgical operation. Three out of 38 breast cancer patients (7.9%) were diagnosed as margin positive in frozen section analysis; 2 (5.2%) underwent additional resection during the initial surgery due to the positive margin, and 1 (2.6%) underwent subsequent surgery due to the positive margin on final pathology. Eight patients (21%) underwent boost radiation therapy due to the close margin (<5mm). The median excised specimen weight was 28 g. The range was wide (2-131 g) and depended on the expanse of the lesion. No complications or adverse events were recorded in relation to either the marker placement or the surgery. Conclusion: These data clearly show that MGL is a reliable, accurate, and convenient localization system for non-palpable breast lesions. It is able to eliminate the disadvantages of WGL, RGL, and SSL. Citation Format: Tomoko Kurita, Kanae Taruno, Seigo Nakamura, Hiroyuki Takei, Katsutoshi Enokido, Takashi Kuwayama, Yoko Kanada, Sadako Akashi, Maki Nakai, Meishi Hankyo, Keiko Yanagihara, Takashi Sakatani, Kentaro Sakamaki, Akihiko Kuwahata, Masaki Sekino, Moriaki Kusakabe. Magnetic guided localization for non-palpable breast lesion: A multi-center open-label trial in Japan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-20-17.
Background Eribulin mesylate, a non-taxane microtubule inhibitor, has unique characteristics that modify the tumor microenvironment by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). These effects might benefit the efficacy of chemotherapies, particularly those administered after eribulin. In fact, the EMBRACE study demonstrated that eribulin did not prolong progression-free survival (PFS) but rather overall survival (OS) when compared to the treatment of physician’s choice (TPC). However, the effects of eribulin on post-eribulin chemotherapy regimens remain unclear. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to assess PFS, OS, and post progression survival (PPS) of women with HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) as real-world data. In addition, clinical and pathological factors were analyzed as predictive factors for the survival measurements. Furthermore, the effect of eribulin on post-eribulin chemotherapies was also evaluated by assessing PFS of post-eribulin chemotherapy compared with PFS of eribulin and PFS of pre-eribulin chemotherapy. Methods A total of 75 women with HER-2 negative MBC who were treated with eribulin between January 2011 and June 2019 were included in this study. PFS, OS, and PPS were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method for each patient. The clinical and pathological factors analyzed in this study were hormone receptors, age, number of prior regimens, metastatic site, number of metastatic sites, and hematologic parameters such as neutrophil (NEU) counts, lymphocyte (LYM) counts, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). A cox model was used to correlate these factors with survivals. In this study, PFS of the post-eribulin chemotherapy cohort divided by PFS of the eribulin-receiving cohort or PFS of the pre-eribulin chemotherapy cohort was analyzed as a unique parameter of the PFS ratio (PFSr, the former was PFSr A and the latter was PFSr B). A PFS ratio of 1.0 or higher may be the significantly favorable effect of eribulin on post-eribulin chemotherapy. Of a total of 75 patients, 46 and 36 were analyzed for assessing PFSr A and B, respectively, since patients who were not eligible for the calculation of PFSr were excluded. Single and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the associated factors with PFSr B. Results The median PFS, OS, and PPS were 3.5 months (95%CI 2.5-4.4), 13.1 (95% CI 9.4-16.7), and 13.1(95%CI 9.4-22.9), respectively. In univariate analysis, an age of 65 or older (p=0.001) and lower NLR (p=0.003) were associated with longer PFS. In multivariate analyses, an age of 65 or older (p=0.041) and lower NLR (p=0.008) were associated with superior PFS. NEU counts lower than 4500 (p=0.0028) and lower NLR (p=0.003) were correlated with longer OS in both univariate and multivariable analyses. There were no correlating factors with PPS. The median PFSr A and B were 0.86 and 0.65, respectively, and the percentages of PFSr A and B were 43% and 33%, respectively. Single and multiple regression analysis each showed that none of the factors are correlated with PFSr B. Conclusion The median PFS and OS in our study were comparable to those reported in the EMBRACE study which were 3.7 and 13.1 months, respectively. Age and NLR were associated with PFS and NEU count and NLR was associated with OS. The correlation of NEU count and NLR with PFS and OS suggests that the effects of eribulin might be diminished by a high inflammatory state but enhanced by higher oncologic immune status. In terms of eribulin’s effect on post-eribulin chemotherapy, no conclusive data were obtained in this study, and a larger number of patients should be analyzed. Citation Format: Sera Satoi, Hiroyuki Takei, Keiko Yanagihara, Tomoko Kurita, Maki Nakai, Meishi Hankyo, Rina Kanamaru, Ai Sato. Efficacy and possible predictive factors of eribulin in a real-world population of HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer patients in Japan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-15-08.
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CADe) system for breast ultrasound. Methods The set of 88 training images was expanded to 14,000 positive images and 50,000 negative images. The CADe system was trained to detect lesions in real- time using deep learning with an improved model of YOLOv3-tiny. Eighteen readers evaluated 52 test image sets with and without CADe. Jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to estimate the effectiveness of this system in improving lesion detection. Result The area under the curve (AUC) for image sets was 0.7726 with CADe and 0.6304 without CADe, with a 0.1422 difference, indicating that with CADe was significantly higher than that without CADe (p < 0.0001). The sensitivity per case was higher with CADe (95.4%) than without CADe (83.7%). The specificity of suspected breast cancer cases with CADe (86.6%) was higher than that without CADe (65.7%). The number of false positives per case (FPC) was lower with CADe (0.22) than without CADe (0.43). Conclusion The use of a deep learning-based CADe system for breast ultrasound by readers significantly improved their reading ability. This system is expected to contribute to highly accurate breast cancer screening and diagnosis.
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