Aim To systematically evaluate the available literature about overall levels of psychological capital among nurses. Background Psychological capital is described as a positive mental state associated with nurses’ mental health, quality of care and patient outcomes. Methods A search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Chinese Database, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), WanFang and Weipu Database from the inception of the databases until October 2021. Subsequently, two researchers identified and reviewed the literature and assessed the risk of bias. A random‐effects model was conducted to achieve pooled estimates of psychological capital scales. Results The pooled mean score of the psychological capital scale was 4.21 (95% CI, 4.07–4.35). For subdimensions such as hope, optimism, self‐efficacy and resilience, the score was 4.12 (95% CI, 4.11–4.12), 4.34 (95% CI, 4.34–4.34), 4.50 (95% CI, 4.50–4.51) and 4.34 (95% CI, 4.33–4.34), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that nurses practising in Asia and intensive care units might have experienced lower psychological capital levels. In addition, significant differences were noted in studies with sample size and publication year. Studies with a large sample size reported a higher psychological capital than those with a small sample size. The pooled mean scores of psychological capital were higher in 2014–2018 than in 2019–2021. Meta‐regression further revealed that geographic regions of participants might be a source of heterogeneity, and the Asian region had 32.23% of the heterogeneity between studies, and the African region had 18.71%. Conclusion This review is the first to synthesize published research and calculate a pooled score of psychological capital in nurses. These findings indicated that nurses reported a medium–high level of psychological capital, and there was significant heterogeneity. Implications for nursing policy Administrators and policymakers should concentrate on nurses’ psychological capital and tactically integrate psychological capital into nursing vocational training programs.

AimThe aim was to determine the overall levels and related factors of mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool among nurses.BackgroundMental workload is a key element that affects nursing performance. However, there exists no review regarding mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool, focusing on nurses.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Weipu and WanFang databases were searched from 1 January 1998 to 30 February 2022.Review MethodsFollowing the PRISMA statement recommendations, review methods resulted in 31 quantitative studies retained for inclusion which were evaluated with the evaluation criteria for observational studies as recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data were pooled and a random‐effects meta‐analysis conducted.ResultsFindings showed the pooled mental workload score was 65.24, and the pooled prevalence of high mental workload was 54%. Subgroup analysis indicated nurses in developing countries and emergency departments experienced higher mental workloads, and the mental workloads of front‐line nurses increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionThese findings highlight that nurses experience high mental workloads as assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool and there is an urgent need to explore interventions to decrease their mental workloads.

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AimThe purpose of this systematic review was to determine the levels and influencing factors of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses.BackgroundIntensive care unit nurses have a high mental workload level. To our knowledge, no meta‐analytic research investigating the levels of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses and related factors has yet been performed.DesignThis article is a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsEleven electronic databases were searched from the database setup dates until 31 December 2022. The research team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions and analysis of all included studies. The PRISMA guideline was used to guide reportage of the systematic review and meta‐analysis.ResultsSeventeen studies were included. In these studies, the pooled mean score of mental workload was 68.07 (95%CI:64.39–71.75). Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that intensive care unit nurses' mental workload differed significantly by countries, sample size and publication year. The mental workload influential factors considered were demographic, work‐related and psychological factors.ConclusionHospital administrators should develop interventions to reduce mental workload to enhance the mental health of intensive care unit nurses and nursing care quality. Hospital managers should pay attention to the mental health of nurses and guide them to correctly relieve occupational stress and reduce mental workload.

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