We experimentally demonstrate a nearly wavelength-independent optical reflection from an extremely rough carbon nanotube sample. The sample is made of a vertically aligned nanotube array, is a super dark material, and exhibits a near-perfect blackbody emission at T=450 K-600 K. No other material exhibits such optical properties, i.e., ultralow reflectance accompanied by a lack of wavelength scaling behavior. This observation is a result of the lowest ever measured reflectance (R=0.0003) of the sample over a broad infrared wavelength of 3 μm < λ < 13 μm. This discovery may be attributed to the unique interlocking surface of the nanotube array, consisting of both a global, large scale and a short-range randomness.

In this paper, the channel estimation methods for OFDM systems based on comb-type pilot sub-carrier arrangement are investigated. The channel estimation algorithm based on combtype pilots is divided into pilot signal estimation and channel interpolation. The pilot signal estimation based on LS or MMSE criteria, together with channel interpolation based on piecewise-linear interpolation or piecewise second-order polynomial interpolation is studied. Owing to the MMSE estimate of pilot signals, the inter-carrier interference and additive white Gaussian noise are reduced considerably. The computational complexity of pilot signal estimation based on MMSE criterion can be reduced by using a simplified LMMSE estimator with low-rank approximation using singular value decomposition. Phase compensators before and after interpolation are also presented to combat the phase changes of subchannel symbols arising from the frame synchronization errors. Comparing to the transform-domain processing based channel estimation algorithm, the MMSE estimate of pilot signals together with phase compensated linear interpolation algorithm provides better performance and requires less computations.

Abstract. To achieve the full complex modulated range of the cascaded twisted nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator ͑TNLC-SLM͒, we propose and demonstrate a novel amplitude compensated technique. Optical reconstructions of complex digital holograms with higher image quality are discussed in both analytical and experimental results.

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We present a joint transform correlator for color image recognition by using three liquid-crystal spatial light modulators. A method for simultaneously obtaining the correlation peaks of red, green, and blue is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.

We study numerically the crossover between organized and disorganized states of three non-equilibrium systems: the Poisson/coalesce random walk (PCRW), a one-dimensional spin system and a quasi one-dimensional lattice gas. In all cases, we describe this crossover in terms of the average spacing between particles/domain borders S(t) and the spacing distribution functions p (n) (s). The nature of the crossover is not the same for all systems; however, we found that for all systems the nearest neighbor distribution p (0) (s) is well fitted by the Berry-Robnik model. The destruction of the level repulsion in the crossover between organized and disorganized states is present in all systems. Additionally, we found that the correlations between domains in the gas and spin systems are not strong and can be neglected in a first approximation, but for the PCRW the correlations between particles must be taken into account. To find p (n) (s) with n > 1, we propose two different analytical models based on the Berry-Robnik model. Our models give us a good approximation for the statistical behavior of these systems at their crossover and allow us to quantify the degree of order/disorder of the system.

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