Doses de extrato pirolenhoso no cultivo de orquídea 1O extrato pirolenhoso vem sendo utilizado para diversos fins na agricultura, como a melhoria do desenvolvimento vegetativo, a fertilização orgânica, o condicionamento do do solo e a indução de enraizamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de extrato pirolenhoso no cultivo da orquídea Cattleya loddigesii Lindl. Utilizaram-se plantas propagadas in vitro, as quais foram cultivadas em vasos com substrato composto de fibra de coco, casca de pinus e casca de arroz carbonizada (1:1:1 v/v/v). As regas foram realizadas manualmente duas vezes por semana, no outono e no inverno, e três vezes por semana, na primavera e no verão. Os tratamentos foram: 0,0 (controle), 0,1, 0,2, 0,3, 0,4, 0,5 e 0,6%, valores que correspondem a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 mL L -1 de extrato pirolenhoso, respectivamente, aplicados utilizando-se o produto diluído em água, no volume de 50 mL por vaso a cada 30 dias. Após 12 meses do início do experimento, foram avaliados altura da parte aérea, número de brotos, número de folhas, número de pseudobulbos, comprimento da maior raiz, número de raízes, comprimento da maior folha, massa fresca total, massa seca da parte aérea e pH do substrato. A análise química foliar foi realizada para os elementos cálcio, magnésio, fósforo, potássio e nitrogênio. Observou-se que a aplicação do extrato pirolenhoso foi eficaz no cultivo da espécie Cattleya loddigesii Lindl., sendo recomendada a dose de 0,6%. Palavras Pyroligneous extract doses in orchids culturePyroligneous extract has been used in the cultivation of plants for various purposes in agriculture such as improvement of plant development, organic fertilization, soil conditioner and root induction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of different doses of pyroligneous extract in the cultivation of the orchid Cattleya loddigesii Lindl. In vitro propagated plants were used, grown in pots containing a substrate composed of coconut fiber, pine bark and carbonized rice husk (1:1:1 v/v/v). Irrigation was carried out manually, twice a week in the fall and winter and three times a week in spring and summer. The treatments were as follows:: 0 (control); 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5 and 0.6%, which corresponded to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mL.L -1 of pyroligneous extract, respectively, which were applied using the product diluted in water at the volume of 50 mL per pot every 30 days. After 12 months from the beginning of the experiment, the following were evaluated: height of aerial part, number of buds, number of leaves, number of pseudobulbs, length of the longest root, number of roots,largest leaf length, total fresh mass, aerial part dry mass part, and substrate pH. The leaf chemical analysis was performed for the following elements: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. It was observed that the application of pyroligneous extract was effective in the cultivation of Cattleya loddigesii Lindl, being recommended the dose of 0.6% .
To elucidate the physiological mechanism of mulberry fruit ripening in protein level, differential proteome expression of mulberry fruits was analyzed by using 2-DE and mass spectrometry in different ripening stages, green ripe stage(G), half ripe stage(R) and pan ripe stage(P). A mulberry cultivator, “Da10” was used as experimental material. The results showed that separation of proteins with 2-DE were significantly improved by using phenol/SDS buffer for protein extraction. 441, 222, 328 protein spots were detected respectively in ripening stage G, R and P. Among them, differential expression of 31 proteins was more than 2-fold and 6 proteins were stage-specific expression. 8 differential proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis and database search, which were photosynthesis related proteins (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit), stress related protein (18kD winter accumulating protein), glucose metabolism related protein (cell wall invertase)and so on, suggesting that these proteins may play the specific physiological role in mulberry fruits ripening.
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