Ever since the emergence of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy, it is important to investigate the impact of the magnetic field on the dose enhancement in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), when gold nanoparticles are used as radiosensitizers during radiotherapy. Gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy is known to enhance the dose deposition in the DNA, resulting in a double-strand break. In this study, the effects of the magnetic field on the dose enhancement factor (DER) for varying gold nanoparticle sizes, photon beam energies and magnetic field strengths and orientations were investigated using Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulations. Using a Monte Carlo model including a single gold nanoparticle with a photon beam source and DNA molecule on the left and right, it is demonstrated that as the gold nanoparticle size increased, the DER increased. However, as the photon beam energy decreased, an increase in the DER was detected. When a magnetic field was added to the simulation model, the DER was found to increase by 2.5–5% as different field strengths (0–2 T) and orientations (x-, y- and z-axis) were used for a 100 nm gold nanoparticle using a 50 keV photon beam. The DNA damage reflected by the DER increased slightly with the presence of the magnetic field. However, variations in the magnetic field strength and orientation did not change the DER significantly.
The increasing use of MANETs for transferring multimedia applications such as voice, video and data, leads to the need to provide QoS support. This paper introduces a resource reservation-based label switch path, Label Switch Path with guaranteed Quality of Service (LSPQS) that provides end-toend quality of service support, in terms of bandwidth, link loss ratio and end-to-end delay, in mobile ad hoc networks. The establishment of LSP allows for forwarding of data below IP layer and encapsulation of variety of MAC protocols. To provide guaranteed QoS along LSP detailed working out is presented to allow estimation of available bandwidth, link loss ratio and end-to-end delay in unsynchronized wireless environment. LSPQS also includes efficient mechanisms for QoS maintenance, including temporary reservation and fast recovery processes.
Big-Data is one of the most useful technologies available nowadays to understand behaviorsand patterns. However, in addition to its societal benefits technology might also be used bypractitioners in industrial settings. The Retail industry is also treated as the one which might receive major benefits from the use of Big-Data and therefore this study is purposively associated with implications of Big-Data for the retail sector. The Study uses store layout as the dependent variable as it has the most influence on purchase as the real purpose of Big-Data is to analyze behavior and patterns, therefore, the selection of variable is legitimate. However, the technology is not well-known in emerging markets like Pakistan therefore study is linked with quota sampling and uses SMART-PLS to analyze results. Results indicated that Big-Data was perceived as the potent tool for operations of the organized retail sector of Karachi.
PurposeThe relationship between idiosyncratic risk and stock return has been debated for decades; this study reexamined this relationship in the Pakistani stock market by using the quantile regression approach along with the prospect theory.Design/methodology/approachThe present study is quantitative, and secondary data obtained from an emerging market are used. The quantile regression method allows the estimates of idiosyncratic risk to vary across the entire distribution of stock returns, i.e. the dependent variable. In this study, the standard deviation of regression residuals from the Fama and French three-factor model was used to measure idiosyncratic risk. Convenience sampling is employed; the sample consists of 82 firms listed on the KSE-100 index, with 820 annual observations for the ten years from 2011 to 2020. After computing results by using quantile regression, the study's findings, ordinary least squares (OLS) and least sum of absolute deviation (LAD) regression techniques are also compared.FindingsThe quantile regression estimation results indicate that idiosyncratic risk is positively correlated with stock returns and that this relationship is contingent on whether prices are rising or falling. Consistent with the prospect theory, the finding suggests that stock investors tend to avoid risk when they anticipate a loss but are more willing to take risks when they anticipate a profit. The results of the OLS and LAD regressions indicate that the method typically employed in previous studies does not adequately describe the relationship between idiosyncratic risk and stock return at extreme points or across the entire distribution of stock return.Originality/valueThese empirical findings shed new light on the relationship between idiosyncratic risk and stock return in Pakistani stock market literature.
Big-Data is the recent trend in data sciences prevailing all over the globe. The tool aids significantly in optimization of knowledge and has predominant use in optimization of knowledge and productivity. However, there is lack of understanding of concept and its application in Pakistan as indicated by Gallup Pakistan (2018) and stream of data is going to be doubled in two years’ time Tankard (2012). Therefore, there is a definite need of research which optimizes understanding associated with technology and its application from the context of Pakistan. Hence considering the application of big-data in retail sector this study aims to explore the impact of sentiment analysis through relating impact of big-data with effective assortment s of online stores. Although data has been collected from IT experts associated with online retail sector via quota sampling and SMART-PLS has been incorporated for the purpose of analysis. Results of the study highlights that big-data is perceived as the major tool for the betterment of assortment in online retail stores although data scientist and their applicability might diminish the impact of the use of big-data.
Self-criticism involves negatively evaluating oneself and being critical of self-contemplations, beliefs, and actions, leading to dysfunction. Studies suggest that parenting plays a role in an individual's level of self-criticism. As primary caregivers, parents greatly influence their children's well-being, humility, distress, and self-criticism. To assess this relationship, a systematic review was conducted using various databases from 2003 to 2019. Out of 47 articles identified, 10 were excluded based on their abstracts and titles, and 23 were excluded after full-text assessment. The remaining 17 articles showed a significant association between parenting and self-criticism, with parental rejection being a stronger predictor of intense self-criticism. The systematic review identified limitations in the included studies' variables and outcomes, internal limitations, and a small number of research papers. To address these limitations, future studies should explore the relationship between parenting styles and self-criticism in different dimensions and investigate potential moderating factors such as environmental, psychological, and biological factors. Identifying such factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention efforts to help adolescents manage their self-criticism and related mental health issues. In practical terms, the findings of the systematic review highlight the importance of parents, educators, and mental health professionals being mindful of how parenting styles may affect children's development of self-criticism. To reduce the risk of self-criticism and improve adolescents' emotional well-being, promoting positive parenting styles and behaviors, as well as identifying potential moderating factors, could be beneficial.
This research study was to develop a valid and reliable school crisis prevention/ preparedness and management scale in the context of managing educational crisis. A blended research approach was utilized to accomplish the goals' exploration. As a feature of the foundation to this examination, the instructive setting of Punjab Province is considered. The school crisis communication theory (SCCT), itself holding a solid reason in regards to its applications and qualities, which were steady in giving the method of reasoning for this investigation. Five point Likert scale was used for this purpose. The scale, would therefore explore the perceptions of 278 sampled primary school teachers of the Punjab responsible for the management of educational crisis against School Crisis Prevention/Preparedness and Management Scale (SCPP&M). As they were already seven major elements (Crisis Identification, Challenge, Communication, Reduction, Reconstruction, Sustainability and Evaluation). Each construct measured through Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results of the scale development comprised on four factors (Prevention, Preparedness, Response & Recovery). This study is based on the claim that it is one of the pioneer efforts in developing school crisis management strategy at all educational levels.
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