This study planned to determine the differences among nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility, energy content, digestible dry matter and organic matter yields of barley forage harvested at three different stages of maturity. Each vegetation period (heading stage, seed formation stage and mature stage) was randomly assigned to 5 replication from 1 square meter area and fifteen samples were harvested in total. DM, ADF (p<0.001), and NDF (p<0.05) contents were different in each stages of barley forage. In vitro dry matter (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for lactation (NE L ) values of samples were determined to be lower than the other two stages at the mature stage (p<0.05). Yield parameters of barley were significantly affected by vegetation period (p<0.001). It can be concluded that all three vegetation period had significantly higher digestibility. Digestible DM, OM and energy yields were higher when harvested at the mature stage of vegetation.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) to the nutritional regimens of ewes at different time periods on reproductive traits, serum hormones and serum metabolites. In Experiment 1, 100 ewes were divided into 4 groups (n = 25) according to diet. The four diets were grass hay (H) alone (group H), H with barley (group H + B), H with DDGS for the whole feeding period (27 d) (group H + DDGS) or H and DDGS for 5 d (d 8-12 of oestrus cycle) (group H + DDGS5). Serum progesterone concentrations were affected by oestrus cycle (p < 0.001), but not by dietary treatments. However, feeding H + DDGS caused significant increases in serum insulin, leptin and growth hormone concentrations (p < 0.05). In Experiment 2, 30 ewes were divided into 2 groups (n = 15), receiving DDGS or soybean meal (SBM) during the prepartum period. Diets had no significant effect on weights of dams or lambs at birth; however, the weaning weights of lambs born from ewes of group DDGS were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride and beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations during the prepartum period were affected by dietary treatments and by time (p < 0.001). During the prepartum period, BHBA concentrations of ewes fed SBM were higher, while BHBA levels decreased during the last weeks of pregnancy regardless of diet. Lamb serum immunoglobulin G concentrations increased from 1 h to 24 h after birth (p < 0.001). Colostrum of ewes fed SBM had higher fat-free dry matter (DM) and protein contents in comparison to colostrum of ewes fed DDGS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DDGS can be included as protein source in pregnancy rations up to 15% of DM to obtain reproductive performance outcomes equal to or exceeding those obtained with SBM.

This study examined how inclusion of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) in finishing lamb diets for different periods affects some physiological indicators and meat quality. A total of 40 male lambs were divided into four groups according to feeding regimen during the 120‐day finishing period as follows: C120: no DDGS included in diet for 120 days; D120: DDGS included in diet for 120 days; D75: no DDGS included in diet for 45 days + DDGS included in diet for 75 days; D45: no DDGS included in diet for 75 days + DDGS included in diet for 45 days. Dietary inclusion rate of DDGS was 27.5%. Fattening performance and rumen parameters were not affected by treatment. Feeding regimens had no significant effect on meat quality except the instrumental tenderness and juiciness score. DDGS fed lambs had higher level of total trans fatty acids and n‐6/n‐3 ratio in meat. 10t‐C18:1, 11t‐C18:1 and 9c,11t conjugated linoleic acid contents of adipose tissue were higher in all the DDGS groups compared with C120 lambs (p < .001). These results suggest that soybean meal can be replaced with corn DDGS in lamb diets for up to 120 days during the finishing period with no adverse effects on some physiological response feedlot performance and meat quality.

No abstract

Öz: Ruminant rasyonlarının önemli bir unsuru olan kaba yemlerin, hem temin edilmesi hem de kalitesi konusunda önemli sıkıntılar yaşanmaktadır. Yaşanan bu sıkıntıların yanı sıra, kaba yem kalitesinin tahminine yönelik olarak ta herhangi bir standart bulunmamaktadır. Bu durum söz konusu hayvanların beslenmesinde yoğun yem için ayrılan maliyeti önemli düzeyde artırmakta ve bunun sonucu olarak hayvancılık ekonomisi olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenlerden dolayı, kaba yem kalitesinin tahminine yönelik olarak geliştirilen Göreceli yem değeri (GYD) ve Göreceli kaba yem kalite indeksi (GKKİ) terimleri son yıllarda geliştirilmiştir. GYD, bitki hücre duvarı elemanı olan ADF (Asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif) ve NDF (Nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif)'den yararlanılarak hesaplanan ve tam çiçeklenme dönemindeki yoncanın 100 kabul edilmesi esasına dayanan tek bir rakamdan oluşan bir indekstir. GYD'ne benzeyen göreceli kaba yem kalite indeksi (GKKİ) ise hesaplamada selülozun sindirilebilirliğini esas almakta ve sindirilebilir kuru madde yerine toplam sindirilebilir besin maddelerini kullanarak kaba yem kalitesini tahmin etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Kaba yemlerin kalitesini belirlemek için hayvan performansını da esas alan ve GYD ve GKKİ'nin tanıtılması ve yaygınlaştırılması hayvan besleme açısından önem taşımaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Göreceli yem değeri, Göreceli yem kalite indeksi, Kaba yem, Yonca. Relative Feed Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) Used in The Classification of Forage QualityAbstract: The significant difficulties exit in both of providing and quality of forages which are an important part of ruminant rations. In addition to experienced these problems, there is no standard for the estimation of forage quality. In this case, affects the livestock economy negatively by increasing the cost of concentrate feed. For these reasons, it has been developed for Relative Feed Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) terms for the estimation of forage quality in recent years. RFV (Relative Feed Value) is an index, which is calculated by utilizing the ADF (Acid detergent fiber) and NDF (Neutral detergent fiber) which are plant cell wall components and consisting of single figure with the adoption of alfalfa as 100 at full bloom period. Relative forage quality index (RFQ), similar to the relative feed value, is instead based on the digestibility of fiber at calculation and is used to estimate the forage quality by using total digestible nurtients instead of digestible dry matter. The introduction and dissemination of RFV and RFQ based on animal performance in order to determine forage quality is an important for animal nutrition.

No abstract

The aim of this study was to compare feed intake, nutrients digestibility, protein fractions entering into the duodenum, and ruminal fermentation parameters of sheep fed Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Prangos pabularia, locally called kerkol hays. In the study three ruminally and duodenally cannulated Morkaraman sheep were used. It was carried out as two periods within a 2x3 crossover experimental design. Daily intake of crude protein (CP) was higher (P less than 0.05) in sheep fed alfalfa than those fed kerkol hay. Digestibility of NDF and ADF were lower (P less than 0.05) in sheep fed alfalfa hay than those fed kerkol hay (P less than 0.05). The percentage of protein escaping ruminal degradation was higher (P less than 0.05) in sheep fed kerkol hay (30.73%) than those fed alfalfa hay (15.05%). Ruminal fermentation parameters were similar between groups, except ruminal NH3-N concentration. It is concluded that kerkol hay can be used as forage for sheep feeding.

Bu çalışma, Van ili Karagündüz köyü ekili arazisinde yetiştirilen buğday+çavdar karışımı hasılların besin madde kompozisyonu ile kuru madde (KM) ve organik madde (OM) verim özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, hasıllar iki farklı biçim zamanında hasat edilmiştir. İlk biçimde buğday hasılı sapa kalkma, çavdar hasılı ise çiçeklenme sonunda iken ikinci biçimde, buğday hasılı çiçeklenme sonunda olup çavdar hasılı ise hamur olum döneminde biçilmiştir. Her bir biçim döneminde, her parselde ekimi yapılmış buğday+çavdar hasılının 1m 2 'lik alanından 5'er tekrar olmak üzere toplamda 10 adet örnekleme yapılmıştır. Kuru madde, nötral deterjan lif (NDF) ve asit deterjan lif (ADF) içeriği, ilk biçime kıyasla ikinci biçim döneminde artarken, HP içeriği önemli düzeyde azalmıştır (P<0.001). Her bir m 2 'den alınan örneklerde, KM ve OM verimleri sırasıyla ikinci biçimde (7289.86; 6264.55) ilk biçimden (4929.21; 4228.28) oldukça yüksek düzeyde elde edilmiştir (P<0.001). Van koşullarında buğday ve çavdarın karışım halinde (buğday+çavdar) ekiminin yapılabileceği, ikinci biçim döneminde hasat edilmesinin hasılların verim özelliklerini artırabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.