-The objective of this study was to compare fattening performance, carcass traits, and egg quality of Japanese quails with different feather colors (white, dark brown, golden, and wild-type). In the study, 360 one-day-old quail chicks with 4 different feather colors were used as animal material. Quails were fed ad libitum for 42 days to determine fattening performance and carcass traits. To determine egg traits, 48 hens from each group, in a total of 192, were selected and caged according to feather color. Eggs were collected for four consecutive weeks and egg quality characteristics were measured. Different feather colors had a significant effect on live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass characteristics. Significant differences between the groups were detected for egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, shell weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, and yolk index. Japanese quails with all four feather colors can be reared depending on the choice. However, due to lower feed conversion ratio, white-feathered quails may be preferred for meat production purposes. Color variations should be considered when selecting quails.

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-This study was conducted to compare live weight, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality rate, and some carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under organic and conventional conditions. A total of 180 one-day-old quail chicks were randomly divided into six groups -Conventional, consuming conventional feed ad libitum; Control (C), consuming organic feed ad libitum; C+P, consuming organic feed ad libitum + pasture; 80C+P, consuming 80% of control + pasture; 70C+P, consuming 70% of control + pasture; and 50C+P, consuming 50% of control + pasture -with three replicates. The conventional group was kept for 6 weeks, while the control, C+P, 80C+P, 70C+P, and 50C+P groups were reared until the end of 10 weeks of age. Raising systems significantly affected live weight, feed intake, and feed conversion. The analysis showed that the meat yield of quail raised in organic conditions had better results than those raised in conventional conditions in terms of appearance, color, aroma, and flavor. The group consuming 50% of control plus pasture was more advantageous than the other organic groups and the conventional group at the end of the 10-week fattening period. The organic production system can be a good system to meet the demand of consumers who seek more natural products.

In this study, changes in malondialdehyde level (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in fish liver tissue were investigated by applying two doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide to Capoeta umbla fish for 72 hours. Changes in MDA level, CAT and SOD activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant increase in MDA level, CAT and SOD activity in C. umbla liver tissue exposed to different doses of herbicide (p < 0.05). It was observed that 2,4-D herbicide disrupted the oxidant/antioxidant balance in fish liver tissue. However, these two antioxidant enzymes, which are the primary defense mechanism, appear to be resistant to the toxic effect of 2,4-D.

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress caused by mercury chloride (HgCl2) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver tissue. For this purpose, the LD50 value of HgCl2 on rainbow trout was determined as 551 μg/L. In the study, 40 fish in four groups were exposed to 25% and 50% (138 and 276 µg/L) of the two subletal doses of HgCl2 for 2 and 7 days, with 10 fish (n=10) in each group. To determine oxidative stress; peroxynitrite (ONOO−), total oxidant level (TOS), total antioxidant level (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. In the study, it was observed that the differences between the groups in terms of ONOO−, TOS, TAS and OSI levels in the liver tissues was significant (P<0.05), however, this difference was not significant (P>0.05) in terms of MDA values. As a result, it can be concluded that HgCl2 increases ONOO−, TOS, TAS, OSI and MDA levels in liver tissue and even small doses of mercury are toxic to fish.

Mercury (Hg) is one of most toxic and widespread element of aquatic environment. Almost every kind of the fish can accumulate Hg. Hg-induced peculiarities of cellular malfunction could be used as adequate biomarker to estimate the contamination risk in polluted aquatic ecosystems. The brain cells are high susceptible to the Hg compounds cytotoxicity. Various Hg species have different harmful effects on both structure and function of the brain cells. Neurotoxicity of inorganic Hg remains discussable and studied restrictedly. In this study, we have studied the role of RPA1 and p53 proteins in brain cell response to sublehtal (25% LD 50 and 50% LD 50) doses of inorganic Hg in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). LD 50 value of Hg chloride in presented study was determined as 551 µg/L relate to 96 hours exposure. Two sublethal doses were used in the exposure rainbow trout at 2 and 7 days. The treatment with Hg chloride induced in fish brain dose-dependent increase in ROS level as well as time-dependent growth. Moreover, the exposure to both 25% and 50% LD 50 Hg doses have caused significant upregulation of RPA1 expression. In the brain tissue of fish exposed to Hg for 2 days, it stimulated slightly expression of p53. Contrary, 7 days exposure induced significant decrease in p53 expression. The results of presented study evidence that sublethal doses of inorganic Hg are extremely neurotoxic and can induce in the fish brain signaling pathways disturbance through decline of stress sensor protein p53. Besides, the increase in RPA1 expression let to assume that brain cells of the fish can repair ROS-induced DNA breaks and prevent genotoxic effect of inorganic Hg. Overall, current data pointed out that inorganic mercury is high toxic to fish brain cells and this question requires future research.

Radiotherapy is an important treatment method for a wide variety of malignancies. Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to generate free radicals in irradiated tissues.¹ Mammalian cells have both enzymatic and non-enzymatic cleansing systems to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), respectively.² An imbalance favoring the prooxidants and disfavoring the antioxidants, potentially leading to damage, has been called "oxidative stress."³ Efforts to reduce the toxicity of irradiation to normal tissues, organs, and cells have led to the investigation of cytoprotective agents.⁴ Many dietary components may have either direct antioxidant activity, such as flavonoids, melatonin, nigella sativa oil (NSO), and thymoquinone(TQ),⁵ or indirect antioxidant activity, such as zinc,⁶ manganese, and selenium.⁷ NSO is commonly known as 'black seed' and has strong antioxidant properties against oxidative damage.⁸ Many studies have reported that it has various pharmacological properties, including

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