Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of strain ratio elastography in the assessment of retrobulbar orbital fat tissue. Materials and methods: The retrobulbar fat tissue of 14 eyes in 14 participants was scanned by sonoelastography. All the participants had permanent vision loss secondary to glaucoma in at least one eye. The elasticity scores were determined and the strain ratio was based on the comparison of the average strain measured in the retrobulbar fat tissue around the optic nerve at the same depth. Results: The mean strain values for the optic nerve (B) and the retrobulbar fat tissue (A) were 0.78±0.61 and 1.43±0.99, respectively (p=0.005). The mean strain ratio (B/A) was 0.56±0.24. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that by providing strain values and ratios of different orbital tissues sonoelastography may have a potential use in the diagnosis and follow-up of orbital inflammatory and infiltrative diseases.

Context:To evaluate the necessity of ocular screening in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Aims:This study aims to investigate the diabetes-related ocular changes according to the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and duration of diabetes in children and compare the results with nondiabetic healthy children.Settings and Design:Observational cross-sectional study designed by ophthalmology and pediatric endocrinology clinics.Subjects and Methods:Forty-two children with Type 1 DM, 42 healthy gender- and age-matched children as controls were enrolled. All patients underwent ophthalmic and physical examination, with a review of medical history and current medication. HbA1c level, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, dilated fundus examination findings, central retinal thickness (CRT), and total macular volume (TMV) measurements were noted.Statistical Analysis:Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square test for comparison of the group parameters and correlation analyses (Spearman analysis) were performed with SPSS statistical software 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results:Type 1 DM group exhibited significantly reduced Schirmer test, increased IOP and decreased retinal thickness relative to the age-matched control group (P < 0.05) but no statistically significant difference was found for the BUT (P = 0.182) and for the CCT (P = 0.495). The correlations between the age, duration, HbA1c and IOP, BUT, Schirmer test, TMV, CRT measurements did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions:More frequent screening may be needed for complications, including neuropathy-related dry eye syndrome, IOP changes, and diabetic retinopathy in children with Type 1 DM.

An unusual case of CMV retinitis and AIDS who developed immune recovery uveitis (IRU) despite a low CD4+ T cell count achieved during HAART is reported. A 36-year-old female complained of blurred vision in both eyes six months after initiation of anti-CMV retinitis therapy and HAART. Ocular examination revealed a substantial intraocular inflammation causing a dense vitreous haze and frosted branch angiitis. Consecutive CD4+ T cell counts were 20 cells/mm(3) or less and plasma HIV mRNA was undetectable. The laboratory test for Cytomegalovirus was positive whereas those for infections known to cause uveitis were negative. The inflammatory reaction resolved with treatment, but she developed retinal detachment just before she died of pulmonary complications. A review of the literature led us to propose that our patient developed an intraocular inflammation which may probably be a form of IRU and it might be appropriate to employ additional criteria in the definition and the diagnosis of IRU.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed the difficulty in reliably suturing the haptics in the ciliary sulcus, even with the use of a transillumination technique. However, the results suggest that the transillumination technique is a safe and easy procedure and helps the surgeon identify the ciliary sulcus during transscleral fixation of PC IOLs more precisely than without the use of transillumination.