The aim of this study to investigate the impact of institutional quality on environmental performance, taking into account the economic development levels of countries. Data from 124 countries of 34 developed countries and 90 developing countries were used for the period 2000-2014 and unlike other studies the environment was defined in broad sense. Additionally, in the research that used three different indicators of institutional quality (political risk, governance and democracy),the relationship between institutional quality and environmental performance were analyzed by panel data analysis methods -fixed effects, random effects and two step system-GMM estimation methods.-Empirical results show that low political risk, high governance quality and democracy affects the environmental performance of countries positively at every level of economic development. However, according to other institutional indicators, political risk in developed economies and democracy in developing economies are more effective on environmental performance. According to the findings obtained it can be said that the institutional structures of the countries should be created in order to meet the environmental needs for higher environmental performance.
The purpose of this study is to examine the causal linkage between military
expenditures and economic growth in 27 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) member countries. Different periods are studied due to the
unavailability of data for the common period for all countries. Both the
symmetric and the asymmetric causality between military expenditures and
economic growth are investigated under cross-sectional dependence and panel
heterogeneity by using the bootstrap panel Granger causality testing
approach. The results indicate that there is both symmetric and asymmetric
Granger- causality between military expenditures and economic growth, which
vary from one country to another. The robust empirical findings support the
military expenditures and economic growth nexus in 12 of the 27 NATO member
countries. Moreover, the findings show that more empirical evidence between
military expenditures and economic growth can be obtained when the
asymmetric causality is considered, in addition to the symmetric causality.
Factors Affecting the Use of E-Government Services by Companies: An Application on EKAP Öz Kamu ihalelerinin daha şeffaf, adil, güvenilir, hesap verilebilir, hızlı ve rekabetçi süreçlerle yapılmasında, bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin etkin kullanımına önemlidir. Bu kapsamda elektronik kamu alımları platformu (EKAP), Türkiye'nin en önemli e-devlet projelerinden biridir. Proje ile her yıl ciddi rakamlarda işgücü, zaman ve kaynak tasarrufu sağlanmaktadır. Sistemden beklenilen faydaların yüksek olması için teknolojik altyapısının güçlü olması tek başına yeterli değildir. Bununla birlikte daha çok isteklinin sistemi benimsemesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı firmaların sistemi benimsemesinde etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda teknoloji kabul modeli çerçevesinde bu faktörler araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada TR90 bölgesindeki 800 firmadan toplanan veriler yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda algılanan kullanışlılığın, online güvenin ve devlete güvenin firmaların EKAP'ı benimsemelerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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