Cervical cancer (CC), the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer, is the fourth major death cause of women, showing an estimated 342,000 deaths and 604,000 new cases worldwide in 2020 (Sung et al.,2021). CC is increasing in number every year, and the patient population is getting younger. Thus, CC endangers women's life and health as a significant disease (Olusola et al., 2019). An essential step in human development and reproduction is to focus on women's health. We still focus on prevention at present due to CC. Hence, the factors affecting the development and occurrence of cervical cancer should be considered for our research and discussion.Human papillomavirus (HPV), the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, negatively impacts personal social life (Chesson et al., 2014). HPV belongs to
KIM-1 is a noninvasive biomarker that may be used to show renal damage because of stones and early-stage renal damage linked to SWL. In addition, post-SWL KIM-1 values may be used to determine the interval between SWL sessions.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare syndrome of excessive infl ammation and tissue destruction due to abnormal immune activation and infl ammation. HLH can occur primarily due to genetic etiology, or secondarily associated with malignancies, autoimmmune diseases or infections. There are a number of reports that revealed the relationship of hemophagocytosis with brucellosis. In this report, we described a brucellosis-related HLH case. A 73-year-old male who work as farmer was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of fever continuing for 10 days, loss of appetite and back pain. Physical examination revealed right upper quadrant tenderness and hepatomegaly. Since the patient exhibited fi ve of the diagnostic criteria for HLH (fever, hepatosplenomegaly, bicytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and high ferritin level), he was diagnosed as secondary HLH. PCR, microscopic agglutination and indirect fl uorescent antibody tests gave negative results for the diagnosis of CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis and Q fever, respectively. On the other hand, Rose Bengal test for brucellosis was positive, while standard tube agglutination test (STA) was negative. The patient's serum yielded a very high positive (1/1280) result when Coombs' test was performed in terms of the possibility of blocking antibodies or prozone phenomenon. Additionally, B.melitensis was isolated from his blood culture on the sixth day. The patient was treated with doxycycline and rifampicin, and on the 10 th day of antibiotic therapy the patient was discharged and recommended to complete his treatment up to 6 weeks. In conclusion, in patients with secondary HLH symptoms especially in the endemic areas, brucellosis should be considered as a predisposing infection.
Background
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a disorder mainly present in the Mediterranean region, characterized by abdominal attacks that mimic acute peritonitis. Therefore, FMF might be confused with other conditions presenting with acute abdominal pain, particularly acute appendicitis (AA). We aimed to evaluate whether epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78) and fibrinogen levels and white blood cell (WBC) counts could be used as potential markers in the differential diagnosis of acute FMF attacks and AA.
Methods
The study involved three groups: patients with AA who underwent surgery (group 1, n = 30), patients with FMF attacks (group 2, n = 30), and patients with FMF who were attack-free (n = 30, controls), which included patients who were diagnosed as having FMF previously but had no attacks for a month.
Results
Significant differences were detected in the ENA-78 and fibrinogen levels between group 1 and group 2. No significant difference was found in the WBC count between group 1 and group 2. It was concluded that the WBC count was more sensitive (66%) for group 1, and fibrinogen showed higher sensitivity (86%) and specificity (96%) for group 2 compared with the other parameters.
Conclusions
We suggest that AA can be distinguished in patients with signs of peritonitis who were diagnosed as having FMF previously with the use of ENA-78 and fibrinogen levels; fibrinogen and ENA-78 might be helpful in discriminating between FMF attacks and AA.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a disease with dramatic effects on global health policies. The absolute CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratios are better biomarkers for more accurately describing overall immune dysfunction and disease progression, response to therapy, morbidity, viral suppression, and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the absolute CD4+ and CD4/CD8 ratios before and after treatment. In addition, the characteristics of HIV-RNA-positive patients were evaluated. Method: In this single-center retrospective study, 50,047 anti-HIV tests performed between January 2022 and September 2022 at Samsun University Training and Research Hospital were evaluated. The absolute CD4 and CD4/CD8 values of 94 patients treated in our center were evaluated before and after treatment. In addition, the characteristics of 276 patients who underwent HIV RNA testing during this time were evaluated. Results: At the specified time, the anti-HIV positivity prevalence was 0.14%. When we compared the absolute CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio before and after treatment, we found that both values increased significantly after treatment in the control tests performed in the follow-up of the treatment process. Of the 276 people who underwent HIV RNA testing, 154 (55.80%) were found to be positive. A significant relationship was found between HIV-RNA positivity prevalence and gender. The prevalence of HIV-RNA positive patients was higher in men. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the HIV RNA positive prevalence, the absolute CD4, and the CD4/CD8 ratio in Samsun. Our results will aid in the management of HIV patients.
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