This chapter includes a literature review of the studies on cyberbullying in the last quarter century. In this direction, firstly, key concepts related to cyberbullying are explained in order to create a substructure for the understanding of the concept. Then, the concept of traditional bullying is explained within a conceptual evaluation. The concept of cyberbullying has been evaluated in detail with its definition, basic features, reasons, tools, types, and roles. A comparison was made between bullying and cyberbullying, and similarities and differences were revealed. Finally, a general conclusion was made based on the results of the research conducted around the world in the last quarter. The results reveal that cyberbullying is an increasing problem and is spreading uncertainly in almost every country.
The COVID-19 Pandemic has forced healthcare professionals worldwide to make and implement decisions under extreme pressure, which is naturally a source of stress and anxiety for all healthcare professionals. This study examined the mediating role of task-related occupational anxiety in the relationship between nurses’ stress-coping behaviours and crisis management skills. The sample consists of nurses working in the Eastern Anatolia Region. Because the research was conducted within the scope of COVID-19 epidemic measures, the questionnaire was online, and 400 electronic questionnaires were analysed. According to the results obtained in the research, significant relationships were found between stress-coping behaviours, crisis management skills and task-related occupational anxiety, as well as between task-related occupational anxiety and crisis management skills. In addition, it has been determined that task-related occupational anxiety mediates the relationship between stress-coping behaviours and crisis management skills. The results are discussed in the axis of the research results in the related literature.
Until a few decades ago, ethical issues were defined in terms of fraudulent behavior and workplace working conditions, but the concept itself has now expanded. Child labor, considered cheap and easily manageable labor in the globalizing world, is one of the chronic problems of many developing and developed countries, including Turkey. Recent studies show that child’s work areas are increasingly diversified, and child labor has become an important factor in the global cheap labor market. For whatever reason, it is a universal ethical issue that children work as young adults in many different sectors, from mining to textiles and agriculture to the automotive industry. In this context, the issue of child labor in Turkey has been discussed in the context of business ethics principles. In the study, three main factors were determined as demographic, educational life, and business life variables as the determinants of the reasons for the involvement of children in work life. The multinomial logit model was used to test the relationships between the variables. The research used data from 1128 children in employment obtained from the Child Labor Force Research Micro Data Set carried out by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2019. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that the variables related to the education life (educational status of the child, family education status, apprenticeship education status) and the variables related to the business life (working sector, working time, income and family working status) affect the working reasons of children. As a result, in an environment of increasing cooperation and competition between countries with the effect of globalization, each country’s reflection of a common definition of child labor in its own national legislation is one of the most important steps to be taken in preventing child labor. In addition, in underdeveloped and developing countries, eliminating poverty, expanding school attendance conditions, and raising awareness about the existence of children’s rights as individuals will be important steps. It must be admitted that it will not be possible to end child labor in all its aspects without developing a society, and public and private sector management that acts with a sense of ethical responsibility.
Araştırmada örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin çalışanların gösterdiği duygusal emek üzerindeki etkisi ve bu ilişkide gelişim kültürünün aracı rol alıp almadığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanıan veriler Erzurum ilinde sağlık turizmi yetki belgesine sahip iki kamu (devlet ve üniversite) hastanesinde görev yapan 488 sağlık çalışanından basit tesadüf örneklem yöntemine göre toplanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin duygusal emek tutumu üzerinde pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gelişim kültürüne ilişkin algının yüksek düzeyde olması örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin duygusal emek üzerindeki pozitif etkisini artırmakta, gelişim kültürüne ilişkin algının düşük düzeyde olması örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin duygusal emek üzerindeki pozitif etkisini azaltmaktadır. Bu anlamda örgütsel gelişim kültürü ulusal kalkınma stratejisinin önemli bir parçası olan sağlık turizmi yatırım ve planlamalarına da pozitif anlamda etki edecektir.
Leader member exchange (LMX) theory emphasizes that leaders establish different associations with each one of their followers through a system of exchanges and a psychological contract is an employee's beliefs regarding the mutual obligations between the employee and an employer. Within this study the impact of subordinates' leader member exchange level on perceived psychological contract violation has been identified at first and it has been found that subordinates' leader member exchange level negatively effect on perceived psychological contract violation. Also it is seen when the demographic variables are taken into account that there are significant relations between education level, type of employment and age categories.
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