MGSD-CRL and P could predict patients with low abortion risk. However, at the 10th week of pregnancy, FHR > or =175 beats/min should be evaluated for this purpose by future studies with larger sample sizes.
Objective:To assess the anxiety and depression status of women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG); the risk factors for developing both depression and anxiety in women with HG were evaluated.Materials and Methods:A total of 200 women, 100 diagnosed as having HG before the 20th week of gestation at a tertiary referral center and 100 gestational-age-matched controls were enrolled. The socio-demographic data and the depression and anxiety scores, as assessed using the Beck depression and anxiety inventory were compared between the two groups.Results:The median depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in the HG group compared with controls (19.5 vs. 9.0 and 22.0 vs. 10.0). Women with HG have the highest relative risks for moderate depression and severe anxiety [relative risk (RR): 16.88 and RR: 20.50, respectively]. In the univariate analysis, having HG, low education level, low income and poor social relationships were significant predictors of depression and having HG. Moreover, poor social relationships significantly predicted the presence of anxiety disorder. However, having HG and poor social relationships were found as the only independent predictors of both depression and anxiety. Patients with HG were 5.5 and 6.7 times more prone to having depression and anxiety disorder compared with controls, respectively.Conclusion:Both depression and anxiety disorder were more frequent in women with HG who have weak family and social relationships, lower education and income levels. Therefore, the determination of the psychological status of women with HG should be an integral part of the evaluation.
This article reports a quantitative empirical study that investigated whether English language proficiency increases over time when studying academic content through English Medium Instruction (EMI). It was also investigated whether an increase in proficiency predicts EMI academic achievement. Student English language test score data and Grade Point Average (GPA) data were collected from a public university in Turkey. Two academic subjects were compared: Business Administration (a Social Science subject, n = 81) and Mechatronics Engineering (a Mathematics, Physical and Life Sciences subject, n = 84). Results showed that in both subjects, English language proficiency statistically significantly improved over a four-year period of studying through English. Furthermore, this improvement predicted EMI academic achievement; meaning that the more proficient students became in English, the higher they achieved in their EMI academic studies. This provides evidence for policymakers, EMI practitioners, and language professionals around the world that English does improve when studying academic content through English, and that this improvement has a positive effect on content learning outcomes. Implications of these findings, and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition in which the approach to its diagnosis has evolved over the years. Currently, an algorithm strategy combining pre-test probability, D-Dimer testing and compression ultrasound imaging allows for safe and convenient investigation of suspected lower-extremity thrombosis. Patients with low pre-test probability and a negative D-Dimer test result can have proximal DVT excluded without the need for diagnostic imaging. The mainstay of treatment of DVT is anticoagulation therapy, whereas interventions such as thrombolysis and placement of inferior vena cava filters are reserved for special situations. The use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMW) allows for outpatient management of most patients with DVT. The duration of anticoagulation therapy depends on whether the primary event was idiopathic or secondary to a transient risk factor. More research is required to optimally define the factors that predict an increased risk of recurrent DVT to determine which patients can benefit from extended anticoagulant therapy. DVT is also a serious problem in the antenatal and postpartum period of pregnancy. Thromboembolic complications are the leading cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of venous thromboembolism during normal pregnancy is six-fold higher than in the general female population of childbearing age. The treatment of DVT during pregnancy deserves special mention, since oral anticoagulation therapy is generally avoided during pregnancy because of the teratogenic effects in the first trimester and the risk of fetal intracranial bleeding in the third trimester. LMW heparin is the treatment of choice for DVT during pregnancy. If acute DVT occurs near term, interrupting anticoagulation therapy may be hazardous because of the risk of pulmonary embolism. In this situation, placement of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter must be considered. However, there is no consensus as to what the appropriate dose should be and whether anti-Xa levels need to be monitored. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2011; 12: 168-75) Key words: Venous thrombosis, heparin, low-molecular-weight: heparin, anticoagulants, partial thromboplastin time, thromboembolism in pregnancy Received: 30 Junuary, 2011 Accepted: 25 May, 2011 Derin ven trombozları (DVT), teşhis yaklaşımlarının yıllar içinde büyük değişimler ve gelişmeler gösterdiği sık karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Son zamanlarda, pre-test probabilite, D-Dimer testi ve kompresyon ultrason görüntülemesini kombine eden bir algoritma stratejisi, alt ekstremite trombozlarından şüphelenilen olgularda hem güvenli hem de kullanışlı araştırma imkanı sağlamaktadır. Pre-test probabilitesi düşük, D-Dimer testi negatif olan hastalarda diagnostik görüntülemeye ihtiyaç olmadan, proksimal DVT dışlanabilir. DVT tedavisinin dayanak noktası antikoagü-lasyon tedavisidir, bununla birlikte tromboliz ve inferiyor vena cava filtreleri gibi girişimler özel durumlara mahsus tedavilerdir. Düşük moleküler ağırlıklı heparin kullanımı DVT'...
English Medium Instruction (EMI) is increasingly recognized as an intriguing phenomenon for researchers in not only Higher Education (HE) but also professional context. Although engineering is one of the most appealing field in this regard, little has been done to investigate the influence of EMI over graduates' career. Two types of EMI, partial and full, applied in Turkey were compared in this current study to determine the market type addressed by the organizations for which engineering graduates work (n=76). A second purpose with this comparison was to make inferences from their reflections over the role of English for learning in their being employed. Findings showed that being a full or partial EMI graduate do not indicate a significant difference in the type of market addressed as well as in being employed. The last aim of the study was to identify the types of proficiency tests in English the graduates of different engineering subjects were required to take, if any. It was seen that there is a significant difference in the testing procedure depending on the subjects.
This article reports a quantitative study that investigated academic achievement in English medium instruction (EMI) courses at a public university in Turkey. Student test score data on EMI and Turkish medium instruction (TMI) courses as well as general English proficiency scores were collected in two academic divisions: the mathematical, physical, and life sciences (MPLS, N = 357); and the social sciences (N = 359). Analysis conducted at the macro (academic division), meso (academic department), and micro levels (academic program) showed subtle differences at each level. Overall, results were consistent: English language proficiency was a strong predictor of academic achievement of social science participants, whereas success in TMI courses predicted EMI success of MPLS participants. These results reinforce the notion that more language support should be given to social science students, whereas learning some content through TMI should be prioritized for MPLS students. Implications for language professionals and EMI practitioners are discussed, and suggestions are made for further research.
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