The synthesis of different kinds of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted much attention. During the last few years, a large portion of the articles published about MNPs have described efficient routes to attain shape-controlled and highly stable MNPs with narrow size distribution. In this review, we have reported several popular methods including co-precipitation, microemulsion, thermal decomposition, solvothermal, sonochemical, microwave-assisted, chemical vapor deposition, combustion, carbon arc, and laser pyrolysis, for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles.

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Overcoming cancer drug resistance using innovative nanotechnology is being increasingly used and developed. Among resistance mechanisms, drug efflux transporter inhibitors and MDR gene expression silencing are among the those being investigated. In the near future, it seems some of these nanomedical approaches might become the mainstay of effective treatment of important human conditions like cancer.

Background Regenerative medicine plays a major role in biomedicine, and given the ever-expanding boundaries of this knowledge, numerous ethical considerations have been raised. Main text Rapid advancement of regenerative medicine science and technology in Iran, emerged the Iranian National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research to develop a comprehensive national ethical guideline. Therefore, the present ethical guideline which comprises eleven chapters was developed in 2019 and approved in early 2020. The titles of these chapters were selected based on the ethical considerations of various aspects of the field of regenerative medicine: (1) ethical principles of research on stem cells and regenerative medicine; (2) ethical considerations for research on stem cells (embryonic stem cells, epiblast stem cells, tissue-specific stem cells, stem cells derived from transdifferentiation, induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs], germline pluripotent stem cells, germline stem cells, and somatic cell nuclear transfer [SCNT] stem cells); (3) ethical considerations for research on somatic cells in regenerative medicine (adult somatic cells, fetal tissue somatic cells, and somatic cells derived from pregnancy products [other than fetus]); (4) ethical considerations for research on gametes in regenerative medicine; (5) ethical considerations for research related to genetic manipulation (human and animal) in regenerative medicine; (6) ethical considerations for research on tissue engineering in regenerative medicine; (7) ethical considerations for pre-clinical studies in regenerative medicine; (8) ethical considerations for clinical trials in regenerative medicine; (9) ethical considerations for stem cells and regenerative medicine bio-banks; (10) ethical considerations for privacy and confidentiality; and (11) ethical considerations for obtaining informed consent. Conclusion This article discusses the process of developing the present ethical guidelines and its practical points. We hope that it can play an important worldwide role in advancing ethics of research on stem cells and regenerative medicine.

In conclusion, it was shown that cytotoxicity of modified peptides which were physically linked with MTX, considerably higher than both physically loaded unmodified peptides and chemically conjugated peptides with MTX. Also, cell internalization was reduced after peptide end-protection. These findings confirmed the effectiveness of N- and C-terminal modifications on cell viability and CPPs internalization.

KEYWORDS ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles, Exosomes,Regenerative Medicine, Cell Therapy, Tissue EngineeringExtracellular vesicles were initially known as cellular waste carriers, while recent studies demonstrate that extracellular vesicles play important biological roles in all aspects of life-from single cells to mammalians. Their pathophysiological roles in some diseases like cancer are being decoded. Extracellular vesicles are divided into some classes and there are different strategies to isolate them. Regenerative medicine is a collective term which comprised of different approaches to heal and repair damaged tissues and organs. A wide spectrum of options in regenerative medicine, makes this more dynamic field, which is appealing prospect for cell therapists and tissue engineers. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and other probable sources are one of the options on the table to regenerate damaged tissues with lower risks, but their potential roles have not been fully elucidated. This cellfree based approach inspires cell therapist and tissue engineers in order to control immune reactions as well as regeneration at the same time.Article Info

It is estimated that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death around the globe. ‘Epigenetics’ refers to changes in the chromosome rather than the DNA sequence, which may be transmitted down to daughter cells. Epigenetics is an essential part of controlling the development and variation of a single cell. ncRNAs have a role in epigenetic regulation in CRC, which will be discussed in this review in the context of DNA methylation and histone modifications. A greater survival rate for CRC patients might be achieved by addressing epigenetic mediators, as the authors show. In this review, they aim to thoroughly examine the role of epigenetics in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of CRC.

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