Seed dormancy is one of the major problems in agricultural studies, especially for medicinal plants. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)is an important economic medicinal plant with dormant seeds and distributed only in its natural habitats. An experiment was conducted as a Factorial layout within a completely randomized design with four replications to evaluate the effects of some pretreatment factors on primary growth and germination characteristics of anise.Pre-chilling treatments were 0, 15, 30 and 45 days treatments and hormone treatments were GA3 (Gibberellic Acid), BA (benzyladenine), kinetin (Kinetinnetin), GA3+BA, GA3+kinetin BA+kinetin, GA3+BA+kinetin, KNO3, H2SO4 and distilled water as a control treatment.Prechilling treatment effects on coleoptile and radicle length, seedling length, germination percentage, mean time for germination, germination rate and seed vigor index showed significant differences (p<0.01) among them. Similarly,different hormone treatments also had significantly different influence on coleoptile and radicle length, seedling length, germination percentage, mean time germination, germination rate and seed vigor index. The highest germination percentage and germination rate was related to the usage of BA+ kinetin. The highest values for radicle length and uniformity of seed germination were achieved in BA and kinetin, respectively. Moreover, application of GA3+BA+kinetin had given the highest seed vigor index. It seems that application of exogenous GA3+KİNETİN and BA+kinetin concentration, which is provided mostly by chilling treatment, is the most effective factor for breaking the seed dormancy. On the basis of the results, usage of 45 days moist prechilling accompanied with application of GA3+kinetin and BA+kinetin in Esfahan cultivar was appropriate.
In order to investigate the effects of methanol and glycine betaine application on quality traits and yield of different fodder beet cultivars, the experiment was performed as a combined split-factorial design based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in two years in Isfahan, Iran. The concentrations of methanol in 3 levels (control, 15 and 30% v/v methanol) were considered as the first treatment, the concentrations of glycine betaine in 2 levels (control and 4 g per liter) as the second treatment and different cultivars (‘Sentinel’, ‘Drafter’, ‘Rivolta’, ‘Elanta’, ‘Rasta’, and ‘Qualita’) were considered as the factorial. Foliar spraying was performed at three intervals every two weeks. The results showed that the methanol spraying affected on root yield, sugar, potassium and sodium content, catalase enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase, rubisco, and malondialdehyde significantly. Glycine betaine foliar application showed significant differences in root yield, sugar, potassium and sodium content, enzyme catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, rubisco, and malondialdehyde. Based on the results, the utilization of methanol and glycine betaine caused quality improvement of the sugar beet under similar conditions of the present experiment.
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