Discovery of graphene and its bewildering properties have brought forth another class of materials known as "two dimensional materials" or 2D materials. Spurred by the achievement of graphene, alternative layered and non-layered two dimensional materials have become the focal point of extraordinary research because of their novel physical and chemical properties. Plumbene, a single layer of lead (Pb) is the latest two dimensional material, has pulled in huge enthusiasm inferable from its uncommon properties and possible applications. In this paper, we investigation about the most recent advancement in the investigation of Plumbene, for the most part on the structure, growth techniques, physical properties, future applications and difficulties. The phenomenal mechanical and thermal properties of Plumbene will open the best approach to batteries, machine manufacturing, shipbuilding, etc. Lastly, this review concludes with a future forthcoming to manage this quick advancing class of two dimensional materials in cutting edge materials science.
VANETs or vehicular ad hoc networks are essential & promising research areas in the ad hoc networks field. The core objective to set up VANET can upgrade road safety & diminish accidents quantity. Routing has been a complex task in VANET as the nodes are highly mobile and consequently, topology alters very quickly. Hence, it is difficult to distribute packets within the minimum period. Contemporary routing protocols cannot meet all demands and issues in VANETs routing. To provide a suitable routing protocol, the crucial factor is to analyze the VANET's protocols for routing. Hence, the paper begins by presenting the fundamental structural design of VANETs to provide a thorough account of several available routing procedures that incorporate their benefits and drawbacks. The paper concludes by providing a summary of the available routing protocols that are used in VANETs.
With the increase in number of devices enabled the Internet of Things (IoT) communication with the centralized cloud computing model. With the implementation of the cloud computing model leads to increased Quality of Service (QoS). The cloud computing model provides the edge computing technologies for the real-time application to achieve reliability and security. Edge computing is considered the extension of the cloud computing technology involved in transfer of the sensitive information in the cloud edge to increase the network security. The real-time data transmission realizes the interaction with the high frequency to derive improved network security. However, with edge computing server security is considered as sensitive privacy information maintenance. The information generated from the IoT devices are separated based on stored edge servers based on the service location. Edge computing data is separated based in edge servers for the guaranteed data integrity for the data loss and storage. Blockchain technologies are subjected to different security problem for the data integrity through integrated blockchain technologies. This paper developed a Voted Blockchain Elliptical Curve Cryptography (VBECC) model for the millimetre wave application. The examination of the blockchain model is evaluated based on the edge computing architecture. The VBECC model develop an architectural model based Blockchain technology with the voting scheme for the millimetre application. The estimated voting scheme computes the edge computing technologies for the estimation of features through ECC model. The VBECC model computes the security model for the data transmission in the edge computing-based millimetre application. The experimental analysis stated that VBECC model uses the data security model ~8% increased performance than the conventional technique.
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