ObjectivesTo examine contributory factors behind postpartum return-to-running and return to pre-pregnancy running level, in addition to risk factors for postpartum running-related stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods881 postpartum women completed an online questionnaire. Clinically and empirically derived questions were created relating to running experiences and multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial contributory factors. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors for return-to-running, returning to pre-pregnancy level of running and running-related SUI.ResultsMedian time to first postpartum run was 12 weeks. Running during pregnancy (OR: 2.81 (1.90 to 4.15)), a high weekly running volume (OR: 1.79 (1.22 to 2.63)), lower fear of movement (OR: 0.53 (0.43 to 0.64)) and not suffering vaginal heaviness (OR: 0.52 (0.35–0.76)) increased the odds of return-to-running. Factors that increased the odds of returning to pre-pregnancy running level were a low weekly running volume (OR: 0.38 (0.26 to 0.56)), having more than one child (OR: 2.09 (1.43 to 3.05)), lower fear of movement (OR: 0.78 (0.65 to 0.94)), being younger (OR: 0.79 (0.65 to 0.96)) and shorter time to running after childbirth (OR: 0.74 (0.60 to 0.90)). Risk factors for running-related SUI were having returned to running (OR: 2.70 (1.51 to 4.76)) and suffering running-related SUI pre-pregnancy (OR: 4.01 (2.05 to 7.82)) and during pregnancy (OR: 4.49 (2.86 to 7.06)); having a caesarean delivery decreased the odds (OR: 0.39 (0.23 to 0.65)).ConclusionRunning during pregnancy may assist women safely return-to-running postpartum. Fear of movement, the sensation of vaginal heaviness and running-related SUI before or during pregnancy should be addressed early by healthcare providers.

Background: In the absence of complications or contraindications, running is recognized as a safe mode of exercise for women who ran before pregnancy. Despite this, participation in running decreases during pregnancy and postpartum, with limited research conducted to examine why women who were runners before pregnancy cease running during pregnancy and do not return postpartum. Objectives: To understand the experiences of women who have recently given birth and were runners before pregnancy, specifically reasons for not running during pregnancy or returning to running postpartum, as well as postpartum running concerns. Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional, mixed methods. Methods: In total, 883 postpartum females completed an online questionnaire related to running habits, reasons for not running during pregnancy, not returning to running postpartum, and concerns returning to running postpartum. Most questions were closed-ended, with opportunity to provide free-text responses. Descriptive statistics of close-ended questions and thematic analysis of free-text responses were conducted. Results: Women did not run during pregnancy due to nausea/morning sickness, fatigue, fear of or experience of miscarriage and anxiety, nervousness, and fear. Women had not returned to running postpartum due to experience of symptoms/pain and complications postpartum and were concerned about leaking urine, vaginal heaviness, and not knowing how to return safely. Pelvic floor concerns were prevalent throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Conclusion: There is a need for evidence-based guidance for women to return to running postpartum gradually and safely. This includes greater pelvic health education and support, including access to treatment. Importantly, return-to-running guidance postpartum needs to be considered as an ongoing and longitudinal process.

Background: Women are unsure about the suitability and safety of running when pregnant and postpartum, with advice from medical professionals often conflicting. Aim: To explore the exercise and running-related advice pregnant and postpartum women received and the impact it has on their running habits. Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional. Methods: A total of 883 postpartum women completed an online survey. Questions were developed using pregnancy exercise guidance and clinical postpartum running guidelines. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess associations between receiving prenatal advice and receiving postpartum advice, receiving prenatal advice and continuing to run through pregnancy and return-to-running postpartum and receiving broadly sourced running-related guidance. Results: Postpartum women who received prenatal exercise advice and broadly sourced postpartum running advice were 37% and 31%, respectively. Those who received prenatal advice were more likely to receive postpartum advice (OR: 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-2.38). Receiving exercise-related advice was not associated with continuing to run during pregnancy (OR: 1.17, CI: 0.89-1.54). Having returned to running postpartum was associated with receiving broadly sourced postpartum running-related guidance (OR: 2.19, CI: 1.45-3.32). Women who were aware of the return-to-running clinical guidelines took longer to return-to-running than those who were not aware [14 (10-20) vs 10 (6-16.5) weeks, respectively, U = 34 889, P < .001]. Conclusion: Exercise and running guidance was only provided to a small proportion of women. To influence exercise habits and return-to-running, guidance needs to be individualized and specific to the needs of perinatal women.

We combine the Planck-SZ2 galaxy cluster catalog with near-infrared photometry of galaxies from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey to identify candidate brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in 306 massive clusters in the Southern skies at redshifts of z > 0.1. We find that 91% of these clusters have at least one candidate BCG within the 95% confidence interval on the cluster centers quoted by the Planck collaboration, providing reassurance that our analyses are statistically compatible, and find 92% to be reasonable candidates following a manual inspection. We make our catalog publicly available to assist colleagues interested in multi-wavelength studies of cluster cores, and the search for gravitationally lensed explosive transients in upcoming surveys including the Legacy Survey of Space and Time by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.

Although the anti‐inflammatory benefits of exogenous CO are well recognized, its antioxidant potential remains unknown. We examined the role of CO in regulating hepatic oxidant generation using bilateral hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as a model of systemic inflammation. Immediately following the onset of I/R, mice were treated with exogenous CO (methylene chloride or gaseous CO). Bilateral hindlimb I/R caused significant liver damage and lipid peroxidation. In vivo digital microscopy with the oxidant‐sensitive probe dihydrorhodamine confirmed the generation of hepatic oxidants. Treatment with CO significantly reduced all aspects of liver damage and oxidant formation. Due to its chemistry, CO is not likely a direct oxidant scavenger. Thus we investigated whether the antioxidant benefit of exogenous CO occurred via regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. As with direct I/R, MnSOD protein expression was unchanged yet its activity was diminished. Concomitant to this functional MnSOD demise was an increase in its carbonylation ‐ an inactivating oxidative protein modification. Treatment with CO reduced the carbonylation of MnSOD and restored its activity. These results suggest that exogenous CO indirectly reduces the hepatic oxidant stress that accompanies a remote inflammatory insult by diminishing MnSOD carbonylation, and thereby restoring MnSOD activity.

The purpose of this study was to optimize the isolation of pure and viable microvascular endothelial cell (EC) populations from a variety of murine tissues. While several methods are reported in the literature, many of these are lengthy and result in low yields. Although counterflow elutriation has been used to isolate a variety of cell types, we are unaware of its use for the isolation of ECs from tissues other than from the liver. Therefore, we proposed to evaluate the conditions necessary for separation of ECs from various tissues. Previously described procedures for isolating liver sinusoidal ECs via counterflow elutriation were optimized using our equipment. Additionally, methods for isolating ECs from aortae and kidney were developed and optimized. All cells were isolated from mice overexpressing endothelial‐specific GFP (Tg(TIE2GFP)287Sato/J). Flow cytometry was used to determine purity of isolated EC populations using staining of GFP, CD31 and DiI(3,3′‐dioctadecylindocarbocyanine)‐labeled acetylated LDL. The methods described herein result in EC populations of at least 98% purity. These cells have been successfully used for downstream applications, including molecular biological assays and cell culture. Counterflow elutriation can be employed to obtain high‐yield, high‐purity EC populations from a variety of murine tissues.This work was funded, in part, by NHLBI T32 HL090610.