Geographers have a keen interest in innovation because of its connection to regional economic advantage. We argue that, to date, understandings of innovation are predominantly technological and product driven and defined in universal terms such that the nature of innovation is stripped of its contextual influence and is overly masculinist. Through combined analysis of interview material from two complementary studies on the gendering of entrepreneurship based in the United States, this paper challenges current conceptualisations of innovation within geography. We show how the context, both social and geographical, of an innovation is elementary to its identification as innovative. Moreover, we reveal some of the many instances of innovation that occur in economic sectors and by agents that are typically ignored or undervalued by current research and by policy. Our analysis challenges researchers and policymakers to expand their concepts of regional and urban development beyond those processes associated with technologically defined and growth-oriented originality, such that notions of local development may enhance the social well-being of places and be more gender inclusive.

Hanson S. and Blake M. Gender and entrepreneurial networks, Regional Studies. In a recent critical survey in 2003, Peter Nijkamp argued for the importance of networks and networking for successful entrepreneurship and emphasized the strategic advantage that dense urban areas afford to networks. Nijkamp's arguments are extended herein by investigating the impact of an entrepreneur's identity on network formation, use and opportunity. Focus is made specifically on gender to emphasize the ways networks are embedded in place-based social, economic, cultural, and political structures, which shape entrepreneurs' identities and affect access to resources. The review reveals, first, how little is known about gender and entrepreneurial networks in general and especially about the gendered geography of such networks; and, second, the importance of investigating the impacts of social identity on entrepreneurs' networks if the relationships between entrepreneurship and place are to be understood. [image omitted] Hanson S. et Blake M. Les reseaux de sexe et d'entreprise, Regional Studies. Dans une enquete critique recente en 2003, Peter Nijkamp discute de l'importance des reseaux et de la construction de reseaux pour creer un esprit d'entreprise, et a souligne l'avantage strategique que les agglomerations urbaines offrent aux reseaux. On cherche a elargir les arguments de Nijkamp en examinant l'impact de l'identite d'un entrepreneur sur la construction, l'utilisation et la presence des reseaux. On se concentre notamment sur la notion de sexe afin de souligner les facons dont les reseaux sont anregstd dans des structures sociales, economiques, culturelles et politiques specifiques a un endroit, et qui influent sur les identites des entrepreneurs et l'acces aux ressources. La critique laisse voir, primo, que l'on sait tres peu en general quant aux reseaux de sexe et d'entreprise et en particulier au sujet de la geographie du sexe de tels reseaux et, secundo, l'importance d'examiner l'impact de l'identite sociale sur les reseaux d'entrepreneurs pour faciliter une meilleure comprehension du rapport entre l'esprit d'entreprise et l'endroit. Sexe Esprit d'entreprise Endroit Reseaux Hanson S. und Blake M. Geschlecht und unternehmerische Netzwerke, Regional Studies. In einer aktuellen kritischen Studie argumentierte Peter Nijkamp (2003) fur die Bedeutung von Netzwerken und Netzwerkarbeit fur erfolgreiches Unternehmertum und betonte den strategischen Vorteil, den dichte urbane Gebiete fur Netzwerke bieten. Wir erweitern Nijkamps Argumente, indem wir die Auswirkung der Identitat eines Unternehmers auf die Bildung, Nutzung und Chancen eines Netzwerks untersuchen. Insbesondere konzentrieren wir uns hierbei auf das Geschlecht, um zu betonen, auf welche Weisen die Netzwerke in ortsgebundene gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche, kulturelle und politische Strukturen eingebettet sind, die die Identitaten der Unternehmer pragen und sich auf den Zugang zu Ressourcen auswirken. Aus unserer Uberprufung geht hervor, dass erstens wenig uber das Gesch...

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IntroductionThe increasing variety and complex geographical organisation of families are notable social and demographic characteristics of many postindustrial societies (Duncan and Smith, 2002;Haskey, 1996). One family formation in particularöhouseholds in which both partners participate in the formal labour market öis playing an increasingly prominent role in production and social reproduction (Green, 1995;Hardill, 2002). In the USA such dual-earner households now constitute the majority (58.7%) of marriedcouple family formations (BLS, 1998). Thus, aggregate trends in migration behaviour, labour-market outcomes, and the nature of contemporary families will increasingly reference the context of the dual-earner household. This is important because, for example, the geographic mobility of these dual-earner households affects women's success in the labour market (Shields and Shields, 1993;Snaith, 1990).As is the case with any cohabiting or married-person household, partners in dualearner households organise themselves spatially and socially in order to balance`home' (typically, caring) and`work' (typically, paid employment) tasks (Hardill et al, 1997). Some commentators argue that the context of the dual-earner household imposes additional pressures on reaching a home^work balance, as both partners fulfil roles in paid employment (Rapoport and Rapoport, 1976). The geographic organisation of dual-earner households is particularly responsive to the challenges and opportunities faced by partners in balancing work and home tasks. Observed mobility strategies include long-distance migration, long-distance commuting, and families who are`living together apart' (Green et al, 1999;Jarvis, 1997;Winfield, 1985). Indeed, wider scholarship on the family recognises that the balancing of work and home tasks is of central concern to the partners in dual-earner households and the viability of their relationship (Perry-Jenkins et al, 2000).

Purpose-To explore aspects of creating, seeking, sharing and management of information in food blogging asserious leisure. Design/methodology/approach-Participants" conceptualisation of food blogging and the role of information in it is interpreted through in-depth interviews and analysis of activity on the UK Food Bloggers Association website. Findings-Food blogging as a leisure pursuit resulted in the creation of new information sources, for which existing information is a source of inspiration. The content and style of blogs, and so their nature as information sources, was influenced by the extent of involvement in a professional -amateur -public (PAP) system.Information about publics or audiences was of great concern and a focus of collegial information sharing. The management of content implies greater personal information management needs, but the data did not show great awareness of this, rather interviewees were concerned with access management. Pre-professionals had an intensified concern withIntellectual Property Rights (IPR). Research limitations/implications-Food blogs may be better understood by placing them in the context of the PAP system. Practical implications-Food bloggers are sophisticated users of information and ICTs, but have unrecognised access management and information management requirements that have potentially significant design implications. Originality/value-Adds to the growing literature on information aspects of serious leisure by examining activity within Stebbins" professional-amateur-public system.