Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2 were administered in a low concentration (100 ppb of each aflatoxin (AN] in a mash offered to Baladi rabbits. An other group of rabbits were fed on the same contaminated mash in addition to 0.25% charcoal (CC). The two groups were compared to control animals fed on AN-free mash. Inclusion of AN in the diet decreased feed and water consumption, body weight and survival rate. Charcoal improved somewhat feed and water consumption and growth rate than AN-group. However, CC-group affected digestibility of organic matter more than AN-group. Relative weights of liver, kidneys, heart and adrenal glands were significantly higher in AN and CC groups than the control group. Blood haemoglobin content, packed cell volume percentage and sedimentation rate were lower in AN group. Although there were an increase in each of serum, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, phospholipids and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in AN group, yet the serum nitrogen and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase were reduced. Charcoal had alleviated AN-effects concerning N, GPT and phospholipids. Chemical analysis revealed elevation of water, ash and silica contents of liver and water content of muscles from AN-animals. On the other hand, fat content, GOT and vitamin A in the liver as well as muscles ash were reduced. Addition of CC to the diet reduced AN-effects on liver fat, ash and silica but resulted in a rise of the water content of liver and muscles and liver GPT activity. Charcoal also resulted in a sharp decrease in vitamin A content of the liver. Aflatoxin treatments (in AN and CC groups) reduced bone ash, silica and magnesium as well as bone volume. Charcoal administration increased Ca-content of bones. Aflatoxin feeding (in AN group) resulted in a high residual percentage of AN in muscles, serum, liver, heart and kidneys with relationships of 51 :24 : 3 :2 : 1, respectively. Only 1.42% of the fed AN was excreted in the faeces. Charcoal usage had a good effect as it prevented AN to accumulate in the organs. Aflatoxin contaminated diets (in AN and CC groups) resulted in paralysis, disorder of fat deposition, discolouration and haemorrhages of some organs. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed no ill effect on the surface structure of the small intestine due to either AN or AN + CC. Pathological examination showed that the main affected organs were liver, heart and spleen, respectively. The changes include hepatic round cell infiltration, irregularities of lobular plats, focal necrosis and periportal fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Thirty six female rabbits half of which at four months of age while the other half aged eight months. Each group of age was divided into three subgroups of an equal number and received 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm zearalenone (F-2) in the feed of young animals and 0.0, 1.0 and 4.0 ppm in the feed of the old one for 18 days. The data showed that zearalenone administration to young rabbit diets elevated body weight gain, feed intake, water consumption, digestibility and digesta contents of dry matter and ash. Haemoglobin percent, packed cell volume, and serum calcium, phosphorus and vitamin C were also increased in response to dietary F-2. Liver dry matter, ether extract and ash contents as well as bone density, ash and silica contents were considerably elevated in the young treated animals. The opposite trend however, was seen for all studied parameters of old rabbits fed on diets supplemented with F-2. On the other hand, zearalenone application caused a noticeable histopathological changes in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, adrenal glands, spleen and uterus. Thus, and in spite of its improving the performance of young rabbits, it would not be recommended to use F-2 as anabolic agent in rabbits diet.
Infection is the second leading cause of death in patients on hemodialysis (HD) after cardiovascular disease. Using a central venous catheter (CVC) is the most important risk factor for blood stream infection in HD patients, which can lead to lifethreatening complications. Central venous catheter related infections (CVC-RI) may be local access site infection (LASI) or access related blood stream infection (ARBSI). Objectives: We performed a descriptive longitudinal (prospective) study to detect incidence of hemodialysis CVC-RI in Mansoura University Children Hospital (MUCH), determine risk factors and provide appropriate infection control interventions.Methodology: A total of 114 hemodialysis catheters were collected from 100 patients with CVC inserted more than 48 hours. Results: From the 114 collected, 27 (23.7%) CVC-RI were documented with incidence of 8.6 per 1000 CVC-days. Among these CVC-RI, 24 were LASI (21.1%, 7.7 per 1000 CVC-days) and 3 were ARBSI (2.6%, 0.9 per 1000 CVC-days). The commonest micro-organism detected causing CVC-RI was staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: Femoral catheters, associated co-morbidities as D.M and immunosuppression and low compliance to preventive measures of infection during maintenance of the catheters were significant risk factors for CVC-RIs.
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