Many studies have assessed the relationships between seasonal or meteorological determinants and the occurrence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the data are conflicting. We systematically searched the literature and meta-analyzed data from all relevant articles when possible. We searched MEDLINE (1966-2011), EMBASE (1980-2011) and the Cochrane Library to identify all observational studies examining the relationship between seasonal and meteorological determinants (temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity) and the occurrence of SAH. Two authors independently extracted data from articles that were included based on predefined criteria. We pooled relative risks (RR's) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI's) from the individual studies on season and month by means of the random effects method. We included 48 articles, totaling 72,694 patients. SAH occurred less often in summer than in winter (RR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.83-0.96), and was statistically significant more often in January than in the summer months of June-September. For atmospheric pressure seven of 17 studies found a significant association, six of 18 studies were significant for temperature, and three of 15 studies were significant for humidity, but the direction of these associations was conflicting and data on these determinants were too heterogeneous to pool. Seasons influence the occurrence of SAH, with SAH occurring less often in summer than in winter, and most often in January. The explanation for the seasonal differences remains uncertain, due to the lack of sound data on the influence of meteorological factors on SAH occurrence.

Introduction Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-related neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung are mostly indolent with a good prognosis. Nevertheless, cases of aggressive lung NET do occur, and therefore the management of individual patients is challenging. Aim To assess tumor growth and survival of patients with MEN1-related lung NETs at long-term follow-up. Methods The population based Dutch MEN1 Study Group (DMSG) database (n = 446) was used to identify lung NETs by histopathological and radiological examinations. Tumor diameter was assessed. Linear mixed models and the Kaplan-Meier method were used for analyzing tumor growth and survival. Molecular analyses were performed on a lung NET showing particularly aggressive behavior. Results In 102 patients (22.9% of the total MEN1 cohort), 164 lesions suspect of lung NETs were identified and followed for a median of 6.6 years. Tumor diameter increased 6.0% per year. The overall 15-yr survival was 78.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 64.6% - 94.2%) without lung NET-related death. No prognostic factors for tumor growth or survival could be identified. A somatic c.3127A>G (p.Met1043Val) PIK3CA driver mutation was found in a case of rapid growing lung NET after six years of indolent disease, presumably explaining the sudden change in course. Conclusion MEN1-related lung NETs are slow-growing and have a good prognosis. No accurate risk factors for tumor growth could be identified. Lung NET screening should therefore be based on well-informed shared decision-making, balancing between the low absolute risk of an aggressive tumor in individuals and the potential harms of frequent thoracic imaging.

We included 1 study with moderate risk of bias, reporting data in such a manner that we could not assess the value of symptom duration and purulent rhinorrhea in adults suspected of having acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Recommendations to distinguish between a viral and a bacterial source based on purulent rhinorrhea are not supported by evidence, and the decision to prescribe antibiotic treatment should not depend on its presence. Based on judgment driven by theory and subsidiary evidence of a greater likelihood of bacterial rhinosinusitis after 10 days, antibiotic therapy may seem a reasonable empirical option.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in children. A rising incidence has been reported worldwide. Possible explanations include the increased use of enhanced imaging (leading to incidentalomas) and an increased prevalence of risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and survival trends of thyroid cancer in Dutch children, adolescents, and young adults (0–24 years) between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rates of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC, including papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (PTC and FTC, respectively)) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), the average annual percentage changes (AAPC) in incidence rates, and 10-year overall survival (OS) were calculated based on data obtained from the nationwide cancer registry (Netherlands Cancer Registry). A total of 839 patients aged 0–24 years had been diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma (PTC: 594 (71%), FTC: 128 (15%), MTC: 114 (14%)) between 1990 and 2019. The incidence of PTC increased significantly over time (AAPC +3.6%; 95%CI +2.3 to +4.8), the incidence rate of FTC showed a stable trend ((AAPC −1.1%; 95%CI −3.4 to +1.1), while the incidence of MTC decreased significantly (AAPC: −4.4% (95%CI −7.3 to −1.5). The 10-year OS was 99.5% (1990–1999) and 98.6% (2000–2009) in patients with DTC and 92.4% (1990–1999) and 96.0% (2000–2009) in patients with MTC. In this nationwide study, a rising incidence of PTC and decreasing incidence of MTC were observed. For both groups, in spite of the high proportion of patients with lymph node involvement at diagnosis for DTC and the limited treatment options for MTC, 10-year OS was high.

Introduction: Until now, well-differentiated bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (bpNET) occurring either sporadically (sp-bpNET) or in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) are regarded as similar entities. However, in contrast to sp-bpNET: MEN1-related and DIPNECH-related bpNET rarely metastasize or lead to bpNET-related death. We aimed to describe and compare the course of the disease of sp-bpNET, DIPNECH-and MEN1-related bpNET.Methods: All patients with histologically confirmed MEN1-related bpNET from the DutchMEN Study Group database , patients with resected sp-bpNET and DIPNECH patients referred to a Dutch European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society center between 2000 and 2018 were included. Fisher's exact test was used for comparison between groups. The primary end point was disease-specific mortality (DSM). Kaplan-Meier and logrank test were used to compare survival. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for DSM in the sp-bpNET subgroup.Results: We included 112 sp-bpNET, 29 MEN1, and 27 DIPNECH patients. Tumor classification was similar across subgroups. A total of 20 patients (18%) with sp-bpNET died because of bpNET, compared with none in the MEN1 group and DIPNECH group. Median disease-specific survival was 12.3 (confidence interval: 6.3-18.3) years for patients with sp-bpNET, and not estimable for the other subgroups (p < 0.001). Differences in baseline characteristics did not explain worse survival in sp-bpNET. Tumor classification and age at diagnosis were independent risk factors for DSM in sp-bpNET.Conclusions: Patients with sp-bpNET have a significantly higher DSM compared with MEN1 or DIPNECH-related bpNET, unexplained by differences in baseline characteristics. This implies that not all bpNET are similar entities.