Our study demonstrates that the incidence of NIFTP is significantly lower than previously thought. Furthermore, evidence of malignant behavior was seen in a significant number of NIFTP patients. Although the authors fully support the de-escalation of aggressive treatment for low-risk thyroid cancers, NIFTP behaves as a low-risk thyroid cancer rather than a benign entity and ongoing surveillance is warranted.

Systematic presymptomatic screening for PIT in patients with MEN1 predominantly results in detection of nonfunctioning microadenomas. Prolactinoma in patients with MEN1 responded well to medical treatment. Microadenomas grew only occasionally and after many years without clinical consequences. Frequent magnetic resonance imaging followup of nonfunctioning microadenomas in the context of MEN1 and sporadically occurring PITs therefore seems debatable.

Purpose The great spatial and temporal resolution of positron emission tomography might provide the answer for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and non-localized parathyroid glands. We performed a systematic review of the evidence regarding all investigated tracers. Methods A study was considered eligible when the following criteria were met: (1) adults ≥17 years old with non-familial pHPT, (2) evaluation of at least one PET isotope, and (3) Of the other investigated tracers, 18-FCH seems the most promising with high diagnostic performance. Conclusions The results of our meta-analysis show that 11C-MET PET has an overall good sensitivity and PPVand may be considered a reliable second-line imaging modality to enable minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Our literature review suggests that 18F-FCH PET may produce even greater accuracy and should be further investigated using both low-dose CT and MRI for anatomical correlation.