The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the remineralization process of human enamel, using two commercial pastes (containing calcium, phosphates, hydroxyl-apatite and sodium fluoride) and an experimental gel (obtained from fruit extract). 40 caries free extracted human teeth were divided into 4 groups: 3 study groups (n=12), and 1 control group (n=4). For the study groups, the remineralization agent differed: GC Tooth Mousse, Recaldent, Remin Pro (Voco) and an experimental gel made by "Raluca Ripan" Chemistry Institute (Cluj Napoca, Romania). ATR-FTIR (Jasco-610, Japan) was employed to verify the protective effect of the remineralizing products on enamel. UV-Vis spectra were used to determine mineral loss and gain during demineralizationremineralization process. No significant statistic difference emerged between specimens in study groups and the specimens in control group. Under the limitations of the in vitro study, the application of the tested product proved to be effective on enamel remineralization.
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