This paper summarizes the impact of challenges within the scientific discussion on the issue of female entrepreneurship in Malaysia. In 67 countries of the world, approximately 126 millions of women have started a new business, and 98 millions of women are developing the already established businesses starting from 2012. However, the proportion of female entrepreneurs in general ranges from 1% to 40% in different countries around the world depending on the economic development, so the impact of women entrepreneurship on innovation and job creation is especially significant for developing countries, in particular for Malaysia. Throughout Malaysia's economic reforms, the small and medium business has played an important role in the growth of the economy of this country, the total number of Malaysian entrepreneurs is steadily increasing, and the government is implementing a significant number of entrepreneurship initiatives, although the number of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia is still lower than that of men entrepreneurs. The basis of the study was a highly structured method of deductionthe theoretical generalizations and the systematization of scientific developments of the researchers from different countries of the world formed the basis for the development of the hypothesis, and empirical studies were aimed at testing this hypothesis, explaining the causal relationships between the variables. The data for this study have been collected from a sample of 300 respondents, of which 120 are men, and 180 are women. The results of an empirical analysis of the survey data allowed to distinguish four main categories of factors that slow down the development of female entrepreneurship in Malaysia, namely resource, personal, economic, political, and cultural. Through the use of the regression analysis, the effect of all these factors (independent variables) on the growth of value added from the business carried out by the female entrepreneurs (dependent variable) was investigated in the article. The calculations showed that the correlation coefficient is 0.79, and the determination coefficient is 0.62. Testing the model for adequacy with t-statistics and p-value showed the significant impact of independent variables on the dependent one, which allows us to consider the proposed hypothesis to be confirmed. The results of the research can be useful for government officials, local authorities and entrepreneurs, not only in Malaysia but also in other countries.
In the wake of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 which had significantly affected Malaysia' economy, there has been a renewed emphasis on corporate governance in order to make companies more effective and to further mitigate risks. However, despite the importance of the emerging technology companies in Malaysia in consideration of the modern internet age, there has not been many studies conducted on the Malaysian technology sector in respect of corporate governance. This study aims to partially bridge the research gap by investigating the relationship between selected corporate governance attributes and financial performance of Malaysian technology companies. This study involves 27 Malaysian technology companies listed on Bursa Malaysia, using annual data from the year 2010 to 2014. A multiple regression analysis was iii employed to examine the relationship between selected corporate governance attributes of the companies and their financial performance, relying on the financial ratios, namely Return on Assets and Return on Equity. Measures of corporate governance attributes employed are independent directors on the board, board gender diversity and independent audit committee. The results showed that board gender diversity had a positive impact on the financial performance of Malaysian technology companies, while the effects of independent directors and independent audit committee are not established.
This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of psychological factors that determine the level of rational behavior of an individual in decision-making, the nature of his/her interpersonal and intergroup interaction. The aim of the study is to analyze the main types of youth behavior, depending on the structure of the society around them and the subject of discussion. The urgency of solving this scientific problem is the constant transformation of the norms and rules of behavior declared in society, influenced by the development of information technologies, opening access to scientific and humanitarian knowledge, increasing the number of deviant behavior of young people, difficulties in their adaptation in society, etc. The study of the main psychotypes of the individual in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the starting point of the study is the assumption of a change in youth behavior depending on the object of discussion and the environment in which it is located, after which the authors use the content analysis method to study the behavior of students presented in different WhatsApp groups. The object of the study was the students of some Malaysian universities. The systematization of literary sources and further analysis testify to the continued use of smartphones, which support many applications, in a daily life. WhatsApp has been identified as one of the most popular applications used by smartphone users for both communication and education. The study empirically confirms the successful use of WhatsApp by university students and teachers as a means of communication and knowledge transfer. In the study, the authors have identified the topic of discussions, type of messages and contributors as well as silent readers involved in WhatsApp groups. All the messages exchanged are categorized based on four main topics which are study, personal, current issues and others. It has been found all groups have been able to achieve their respective group objectives. Overall, the most frequently discussed topic for each group is regarding study and personal interest. Keywords: behavioral economics, WhatsApp, students’ behavior, content analysis.
The aim of this study is to investigate Bangladeshi viewers’ attitudes towards product placement activities. Here product placement indicates a paid form of non-traditional advertisement where products or brand names are intentionally present along with the programs. Consumers’ purchase decisions relate to how they know the brand name, and traditional marketing activities failed several times to hit the customer’s black box. People are fascinated by an innovative way of product representation, a tough and challenging task for marketers. Embedded marketing or Product placement helps both viewers and marketers to build a bridge for communication. In Bangladesh, people are less conscious about their local products as well as their media programs. Media and marketing relate inextricably with each other. The study has been conducted in two aspects to investigate the consumer attitude towards product placement. The first one is a comparative analysis of several product placements between Bangladeshi and the Indian media program. The second one is devolving and analyzing questionnaires to determine the Bangladeshi viewers’ scenario about embedded marketing. The logic behind choosing the Indian tv program for comparison is that Bangladeshi viewers are habituated with the Indian program. From 121 respondents, this study tries to forecast the viewers’ attitude toward product placement. Comparing Bangladeshi and Indian movies, dramas, and reality shows, the study expresses that Bangladeshi channel set minimal concern about embedded marketing. An online survey portrays a viewer’s preference level and thinking pattern about their media programs. Proper representation of programs such as an exciting story from movies and drama, a reality show with more customer engagement, less repetition of the same news, more consciousness about irrelevant talk shows, proper timing of the advertisement can help to back the viewers to their media that allows marketers to communicate with their target customers. This study has been conducted with limited sample size. Further research may be conducted about this study with large sample size and may compare with other countries.
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