Loss of fish biodiversity, especially in the inland and coastal areas, is a major concern in sustainable fish production. Indiscriminate fish catch, climate change and many other anthropogenic activities synergistically affect fish biodiversity. To formulate a sustainable fish biodiversity conservation plan, fish biodiversity in the Andharmanik River, a 40-km-long Hilsa shad sanctuary in the southern part of Bangladesh, was assessed. The study was conducted to understand the status of fish species diversity through sampling in three sampling stations between December 2014 and November 2015. A total of 93 fish species were found belonging to 66 genera, 45 families and 14 orders. Perciformes (27.65%) was found to be the most dominant order, followed by Cypriniformes (20.21%), Siluriformes (21.28%) Clupeiformes (7.45%) Mastacembeliformes (4.26%) and Channiformes (4.26%). Out of the 93 fish species of the river, the percentage compositions of the vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered and not threatened were found to be 14%, 11%, 6% and 59%, respectively. Four population indices viz. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H), Simpson’s dominance index (D), Simpson’s index of diversity (1-D) and Margalef’s index (d) were applied to demonstrate species diversity, richness and evenness of fish species in sampling areas, and the overall values of the indices were 2.70-3.51, 0.10-0.12, 0.88-0.90 and 7.84-8.19, respectively. The main threats to fish biodiversity were reviewed and the measures for fish biodiversity conservation of the river recommended. Indiscriminate fishing using biodiversity destructive gears, as well as losing hydrological and ecological connectivity with the surrounding habitats, were identified as major threats to biodiversity in the Andharmanik River. Effective sanctuary-based co-management, immediate actions for habitat enhancement to conserve and improve fish biodiversity in the river were recommended. Necessary steps to improve hydrological and ecological connectivity for habitat protection and elimination of all destructive fishing gears in order to conserve biodiversity in the Andharmanik River were also suggested.
Background: Genitic defects of hemoglobin are the most common genetic disorders andAffect around 7% of world population, occur in iropical and sub tropical areas. Beta-thalaraemia is more common in the Mediterranean region while Alfa –thabssaemia is more common in the far- East. Objective: To Find out the Pattern of haemoglobin disorders. Toevaluate and compare the diseases in study Population. Methosds: For this, a total number of 210 subjects with age ranged from 2 to 72 years of both sexes are included in the study. The present study was conducted in out patient department (OPD) of Haematolegy, Bangobondhu Shaikh Muzib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka. Bangladesh. During the Period of January2002 to December 2002, Patient ware selected on the basis of morphological blood film examination and Hb- electrophoresis on cellulose acetate at PH 8.6.Result: Among the 210 Subjects, thalassaemia Trait were (47.14%) , Hb-E-beta thalassamia ware 30.47%, Hb E Trait 13.3%, Hb E disease (5.71%) and thalasscmia major ware ( 3.33%). Conclusions: It is evident that, Hereditary Haemoglobin disorders are quite common in Bangladesh and this disorders are in jherited as autosomal dominant mendalian pattern affecting both male and female
Beta thalassaemia is one of the most prevalent haemolytic disorders worldwide which poses serious economic burden to the society. Study on clinical and demographic pattern of this disorder will help the concern authorities to figure out the problem. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as well as to find out the existence of other co-morbidities among the ?-thalassaemic patients (n-101). The study was carried out at the Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from June 2010 to January 2011. Data were collected from 3 tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka city. Almost all the patients were young, age ranged from 10 to 32 years with the mean age of 16. Male to female ratio was almost equal (52.5:47.5) and 80% of the respondents were Muslims. Forty-five (45%) percent of patients were illiterate and 37% respondents had primary education only. Almost 90% were unmarried and majority had a family of 6-8 members. Forty-seven percent (47%) of patients had monthly income 5000-7000 BDT and 56% of the respondents were unemployed. The major clinical features were pallor (72.3%), palpitation (60%), and breathlessness (52.5%). The haemoglobin (Hb) concentration ranged from 7gm/dl to 12gm/dl and 57% patients had an Hb concentration of 8 gm/dl. Sixty percent of the respondents had jaundice with majority had enlarged spleen (86%) and some had enlarged liver too (23%). Ninety percent (90%) respondents had co-morbidities among which arrhythmia is more prevalent (54%).
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