Background. Most maternal deaths occur during childbirth and after childbirth. This study was aimed at determining the trends of health facilities during delivery in Bangladesh, as well as their influencing factors. Methods. This study used secondary data from three Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) in 2006, 2012–13, and 2019. The study’s target sample was those women who gave birth in the last two years of the survey. A two-level logistic regression was applied to determine the effects on health facility delivery separately in these two survey points (MICSs 2012–13 and 2019). Results. The results show that the delivery of health facilities has increased by almost 37.4% in Bangladesh, from 16% in 2006 to 53.4% in 2019. The results of two-level logistic regression show that the total variation in health facility delivery across the community has decreased over recent years. After adding community variables, various individual-level factors such as women with secondary education ( OR = 0.55 in 2012-13 vs. OR =0.60 in 2019), women from middle wealth status ( OR = 0.49 in 2012-13 vs. OR = 0.65 in 2019), religion, and child ever born showed a strong relationship with health facility delivery in both survey years. At the community level, residents showed significant association only in the 2012-13 survey and indicated a 43% ( OR = 1.43 for 2012-13) greater availability of health facilities in urban residences than in rural residences. Using media showed a highly significant connection with health facility delivery in both years as well as an increasing trend over the years in Bangladesh ( OR = 1.19 in 2012-13 vs. OR = 1.38 in 2019). However, division, prenatal care, and skilled services all contribute greatly to increasing the delivery of health facilities in Bangladesh. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that policymakers need to pay attention to individual and community-level factors, especially women’s education, poverty reduction, and adequate prenatal care provided by well-trained caregivers.

Early development is a vital phase in childhood life. The study aimed to identify factors that were associated with the early development of 36–59 months children in Bangladesh. The findings of this study will formulate the design of appropriate policy and programmed responses. Utilizing Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data, influencing components of child development status were evaluated for both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. A total of 23,099 children under the age of five were included in this analysis. Chi-square analysis was conducted to assess the association between outcome variables and selected covariates. At the same time, this study uses two separate multivariate binary logistics regression models (respectively for urban areas and rural areas) to determine the risk factors that are primarily related to child development. Our research estimates that more than 70 percent of children develop early throughout the country. The multivariate analysis on the determinants of child development index among children aged between 36 and 59 months old regarding residence discovered a significant impact on child age and sex, maternal education, child education, wealth status, reading children's books. The adjusted odds of child nutrition status, playthings, and maternal functional difficulties have had a major impact on early child development in rural Bangladesh. Based on the findings, educational status, nutritional status, wealth-status, and some determinants of children care the most noteworthy findings in this study. Hence, policymakers should emphasize on such factors for improving children's development in residence.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health concern, and behavioral adjustments will minimize its spread worldwide by 80%. The main purpose of this research was to examine the factors associated with concerns about COVID-19 and the future direction of the COVID-19 scenario of Bangladesh. Methods: The binary logistic regression model was performed to assess the impact of COVID-19 concern in Bangladesh. Based on data obtained through online surveys in November 2020 and to predict the next 40 days daily confirmed and deaths of COVID-19 in Bangladesh by applying the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Results: The study enrolled 400 respondents, with 253 (63.2%) were male, and 147 (36.8%) were female. The mean age of respondents was 25.13 ± 5.74 years old. Almost 70% of them were found to be concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic. The result showed that respondents’ education level, knowledge regarding COVID-19 transmits, households with aged people, seasonal flu and HD/respiratory problems, and materials used while sneezing/coughing significantly influenced COVID-19 concerns. The analysis predicted that confirmed cases would gradually decrease for the ARIMA model while death cases will be constant for the next 40 days in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The current study suggested that knowledge about COVID-19 spread and education played a vital role in the decline of COVID-19 concerned. A particular program should focus on creating an awareness of the disadvantages of concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic by augmenting knowledge about COVID-19 spread, enhancing Education in Bangladesh.

Background and Aim: Since the new Coronavirus started spreading in December 2019, the virus has had enormous consequences on people’s health and way of life in every nation on earth has been touched. A pregnant lady is more susceptible to infection than a healthy one because she is immunocompromised throughout pregnancy. The purpose of this present paper is to review relevant published literature to determine the impact of covid-19 on pregnant women. Methods: In this narrative review all publications published in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science from December 2019 to August 2022 by conducting a complete search with the required keywords, including covid-19, coronavirus illness 2019, SARS-CoV-2, and miscarriage, abortion, or pregnancy outcomes. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and following the PRISMA guidelines, total 25 papers were identified and thoroughly examined. There are few accessible data on the effects of covid-19 on pregnancy. Every day, new information emerges on the management of pregnancy during the covid-19 era. Results: Pregnant women with covid-19 experienced fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and exhaustion in the early stages, while headache, chest discomfort, and diarrhea were less common. Results shows that covid-19 can cause fetal distress, miscarriage, respiratory distress, and preterm delivery in pregnant women, according to the reviewed literature. Conclusion: There is a higher risk in women who have a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. covid-19 infection during pregnancy may cause pregnancy problems such as preterm birth, fetal distress and miscarriages. Due to the absence of adequate data regarding the effects of covid-19 on pregnancy, it is required to monitor suspected pregnant women to prevent miscarriage, fetal distress, respiratory distress and preterm delivery.

Background: The current total fertility rate in Bangladesh is now 2.3 births per woman, which is still above the replacement level of 2.1. Objective: The main objective of this study was to identify potential factors associated with fertility transition in Bangladesh. Methods: This study applied several regression models to find the best-fitted model to determine factors associated with the number of children ever born in Bangladesh and utilize data from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Results: Based on the principles of the AIC, BIC, and Vuong tests, the best-fit model was the Hurdle-Poisson regression model compared to other models. Findings based on the Hurdle Poisson regression result revealed that the number of children increases with the increase of women’s age, but the number of children declines if the education status of women as well as their delayed marriage increases. Women who had secondary or higher education were less likely to have children than illiterate women. Similarly, division, residential area, wealth index, women’s functional difficulties, prenatal care, and migration have significantly influenced the number of children ever born. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study suggests that fertility can be decreased by improving female education, minimizing early marriage, and eliminating poverty for all ever-married women who were particularly live in rural areas of the Chittagong and Sylhet divisions in Bangladesh. Such steps would be the largest contribution to a future reduction in fertility rates in Bangladesh.