Introduction: Chikungunya infection is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Chikungunya virus which is to the family Togaviridae. In 2008, Chikungunya infection was first identified in Rajshahi and chapainawabganj, recent outbreak occur in Dhaka 2017.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. The clinical outcomes of HBV infections are influenced by host as well as viral factors, including viral genotypes and subgenotypes. The interplay between HBV and host innate immunity remains unclear because of the lack of a suitable small animal model. Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) have been utilized as a useful animal model for hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis B and C viruses. In this study, we characterized acute infections by HBV genotype F (HBV-F) wild type (Wt) and mutant type (Mt) viruses in adult tree shrews. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels were measured before and post- infection 7 and 14 dpi. Both HBV-F-Wt and Mt were detected in the HBV-F-infected tree shrew serum and liver tissue at 7 and 14 dpi. We examined the intrahepatic expression patterns of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR1–9 mRNAs), cGAS, several transcription factors such as STAT1, STAT2, IRF7, HNF4, PD-L1, and cytokines, including IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α in HBV-F Wt/Mt-infected tree shrews. When compared with uninfected animal group, significant suppression of TLR8 in HBV-F-Wt infected animals and significant suppression of PD-L1 in both HBV-F-Wt and Mt infected animals were observed. Thus, tree shrew can be a useful animal model to characterize HBV-F pathogenesis.

Doctor's profession has long been among one of the most attractive professions in our society, but doctors are increasingly getting dissatisfied with their jobs. Job satisfaction is very important but very less studied issue. The aim of this study to assess the level of job satisfaction among doctors at selected Upazila Health Complexes in Barisal District. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 59 doctors posted in 9 Upazila Health Complexes of Barisal district. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire consisting of 54 questions and JSS (Job Satisfaction Survey) scale, where higher values indicated higher level of satisfaction. The average scores of items were computed to construct factor scores for each individual. The total number of doctors included in this study was 59.78% were male. Majority (66.1%) had age ranged 25-35 years. Majority (86.4%) of doctors was married and almost 80% were Muslim. Most of the respondents (64.4%) had clinical experience of 0 to 5 years. The result displayed that 57.6% of doctors were dissatisfied, 27.1% were satisfied and 15.3% were ambivalent. Majority of the respondents were dissatisfied with salary, promotional scope allowances, night duty, working hours, accommodation facility and transport facility. Job satisfaction among doctors in this study was low. Responsible authority should take necessary action to improve job satisfaction.

Hospital diet is an essential part of modern therapy in all medical departments. It comprises both the so-called normal diets which are prepared according to modern nutrition knowledge, dietetic foods and the various forms of artificial nutrition. The dietary department provides food and nutrition services that consistently promote adequate nutritional intake, improve health and enhance the quality of life. This study was cross-sectional from January 2016 to December 2016. The nonprobability purposive sampling method was used for data collection. Total 164 samples were collected purposively within the data collection period. There were 150 hospital patients and 14 dietary staff who collected the data secondary level hospitals by using semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using SPSS. Among 150 patients 92% of the patients ate hospital diet and only 8% of the patients did not eat hospital diet. Among them 6.7 % of the patients said that the hospital supply foods were unhygienic and 93.3% say the hospital food was healthily. There was 8% patients complains that the supply food was not neat and 13% of the patient says that they did not use the spoon. There were 64.3% of the dietary staff did not use non touch technique during food distribution. Majority of the patients 79.3% said they have no training about food hygiene. The satisfaction level of the dietary staff, there was 57.1% staff were satisfied and there was 21.4% dietary staff were very satisfied following 21.4% was dissatisfied. The satisfaction among the patient 75.8% patient was satisfied 9.8% of the patient were dissatisfied. Dietary department improved the food quality and supplied adequate quantity of food among the patients. Dietary department needs to clean regularly and training should be implemented among the nutrition personnel. The sufficient lighting facility may improve for the patient’s satisfaction.