Introduction: Chikungunya infection is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Chikungunya virus which is to the family Togaviridae. In 2008, Chikungunya infection was first identified in Rajshahi and chapainawabganj, recent outbreak occur in Dhaka 2017.

No abstract

The case study is based on Saudi Aramco, the largest state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which has become a world leader in hydrocarbons exploration, production, refining, distribution and marketing. The study analyses the organization’s strategies, product lines, domestic and global operations, key performance, recent initiatives for an IPO, and role in economic development and politics of the kingdom in the backdrop of global oil market. Through a combination of own facilities and joint ventures, Aramco produces a slate of refined products and high-value petrochemicals for domestic and international industries. The partnerships of the company with refining and marketing ventures across the globe has enabled it to go across the length of its value chain, from wellhead to the consumers. The separation of its operational decision-making and financial structure from the state intervention is one unique characteristic which might be linked to its sound financial performance and organizational excellence. On the other hand, the delay in its IPO indicates the possible problems that might arise from this influence.

AbstractsBackground: Surgical and burn wound infection are the most common infection in the hospital settings. Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the status of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria isolated from patients presented with surgical and burn wound infection. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, BSMMU from January to December 2006, at a period of one year. This study was carried out to detect extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria rapidly by using a kit containing chromogenic cephalosporin directly from primary culture by comparison with phenotypic confirmatory method. Result: Total 181 samples were collected from patients with wound infections of which 170(93.9%) bacteria were isolated. Among individual samples ESBLs positive strains were highest in surgical wound which was 22(31.42%) and 24(28.24%) isolates respectively. From surgical wound swab ESBL was found 3(42.9%) isolates from Klebsiella species. ESBL producing E. coli was found in 12(35.3%) isolates. Pseudomonas species showed in 2(22.2%) isolates and 1(33.3%) isolate of Acinetobactor species. ESBL positive E. coli was found in 5(45.45%) isolates from burn wound. ESBL positive Proteus species was detected in 11(28.94%) isolates from burn wound. Conclusion: Most common bacteria isolated from the infected surgical and burn wound are E. coli and Proteus species, though Klebsiella species is the most common ESBL producing bacteria isolated from both infected surgical and burn wound.

Background: The pattern of pathogens isolated from pus culture and their antibiotic sensitivity reports are very crucial for the management of the patients. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from pus cultures. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in a Private Diagnostic Lab, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The samples were collected from January 2020 to December 2020 for a period of one year. Pus samples were collected from patients in a sterile method and was sent to laboratory section for further procedure. The pus was inoculated on Blood agar media and MacConkey’s agar media for culture and identification was confirmed by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity was done by Disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar media. Result: A total of 180 pus culture were analysed. Among 180 samples, culture positive was 140(77.8%). The most common age group was 18 to 40 years which was 80(44.4%) cases. Among the isolated bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was 34(24.3%), Escherichia coli 34(24.3%), Proteus species 32(22.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18(12.9%), Klebsiella pneumonia 10(7.1%), Streptococcus species 6(4.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the most common isolated bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, with the resistant to majority of the commonly used antibiotics. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases December 2021;8(2):64-70

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing extended-spectrum cephalosporins, penicillins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycins and carbapenems. The ESBL-producing organisms are a breed of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem. Methods: A total of 75 ESBL-producing E. coli, were obtained from the tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh and were studied for susceptibility pattern from October, 2010 to December, 2011. These isolates were identified by double disc synergy test (DDST) and were confirmed phenotypically as ESBL-producer by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem among ESBL-producing E. coli were determined using agar dilution method. Results: Out of 75 DDST positive ESBL-producing E. coli, 71 (94.67%) were also positive by PCDDT. All ESBL-producing E. coli, were susceptible to imipenem. About 92.95% ESBL-producing E. coli were susceptible to amikacin but only 14.08% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: In this study, ESBL-producing E. coli, showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin. Imipenem and amikacin were most effective against ESBL positive strains.

Introduction: Thalassemia is the most common congenital single gene disorder in Bangladesh. Considering the nature of the disease inherited from parents, thalassemia can effectively be prevented by premarital blood screening before marriage. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding premarital screening of β-thalassemia among undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among conveniently selected 156 undergraduate students of 2 universities at Dhaka University and American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) from January to December 2019. Data were collected by pretested semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.   Results: It was found that about 49.5%, 43.6% and 7.1% of respondents had poor, average and good knowledge about premarital screening of β-thalassemia respectively where there was statistical significance between the  level of knowledge and the parental consanguinity and the family history of thalassemia (p-value<.05). On the other hand, 66.7%, 32.1% and 1.3% had poor, average and good awareness in this regards respectively. The level of awareness was significantly associated with the parental consanguinity, family history of thalassemia, monthly income and family type (p-value<.05).   Conclusion: This study showed knowledge and awareness levels among undergraduate students regarding premarital screening of β-thalassemia were insufficient. The thalassemia prevention can be enhanced by a well-organized educational program focusing on thalassemia and early screening in young adults.   Keywords: Thalassemia; gene disorder; premarital blood screening

No abstract