Agency for protectionof the general public. The calculations involved modeling the transport of radionuclidesfrom buried waste, to surface soil and subsurfacemedia, and eventuallyto members of the general public via air, ground water, and food chain pathways. Projectionsof doses were made for both offsite receptors and individuals intrudingonto the site after closure. In addition, uncertainty analyses were performed.Results of calculationsmade using nominal data indicate that the radiologicaldoses will be below appropriateradiologicalcriteria throughout operations and after closure of the facility.Recommendationswere made for future performanceassessment calculations. Three time periods of concern were addressed in this evaluation of the RWMC:I. The operational period, 1964 through 2089, during which radioactivewaste is actively disposed of at the facility. 2.The institutionalperiod, 2089 through 2189, which follows site clo_ure and during which periodic maintenance and monitoring activities are conducted. The facility is assumed to be stabilized but is still part of the INEL reservation and is fenced and patrolled. 3.The post-institutionalperiod, 2189 through 11975, during which the facility is no longer maintainedby the DOE and may be accessible to the public. iii DRAFT boundary at the location of maximum concentrationof airborne radionuclides in the transport medium of concern (i.e., air or ground water).The second type of receptor evaluated is an intruder. This hypotheticalreceptor is assumed to inadvertentlyintrude on the RWMC during the post-institutionalcontrol period. Two general kinds of scenarios were evaluated. The first is an agriculture scenario in which the receptor obtains half of his produce from farming at the RWMC. This individualalso drinks water from a well drilled at the edge of the waste. The second is an acute exposure scenario that includes a constructionscenario and a well-drillingscenario. In the construction scenario, the receptor is an individualwho is building a house at the RWMC and is exposed to contaminatedsoil while excavating the cellar. In the well-drilling scenario, the receptor is exposed to contaminateddrill cuttings that are deposited in a mud pit.Results of the monitoring, special studies, and modeling efforts to date indicate that the greatest potential for transport of radionuclides from the RWMC to offsite receptors (now and in the future) is via airborne transport of resuspended contaminatedsurface soil particles and ground water transport of radionuclidesleached from buried waste. For this reason, the performance assessmentonly addresses these two transport pathways.The exposure pathways evaluated include ingestion of food and water, inhalation of contaminatedairborne particulates,and external exposure to radionuclidesin air and soil. The agriculturalproducts consumed by the general public are contaminatedvia food chain transport of radionuclides deposited from air onto soil or plant surfaces. Projections of radionuclideconcentrationsin surface soil and subsurfacemedi...
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Fluidize_-I_d incinerators have a relatively low throughput capacity, and it is difficult to remove residuals from the bed. Operating costs of fluidized-bed incinerators are relatively high. Solid wastes will likely have to be pretreated (shredded or sized) prior to introduction. Residence times are nonuniform, and particulate entrainment rates are high. The vessel and related components are subject to erosion. Low melting point materials in the bed may cause the bed material to fuse. Development Needs: Advanced off-gas systems capable of removing higher percentages of the radioactive constituents, better stack monitoring and other real-time performance assuranc_ capabilities, control of heavy metal emissions, combustion by-product formation, submicron particulate emissions.
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