Informal e-waste recycling is associated with several health hazards. Thus far, the main focus of research in the e-waste sector has been to assess the exposure site, such as the burden of heavy metals or organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the health consequences associated with informal e-waste recycling. A questionnaire-based assessment regarding occupational information, medical history, and current symptoms and complaints was carried out with a group of n = 84 e-waste workers and compared to a control cohort of n = 94 bystanders at the e-waste recycling site Agbogbloshie. E-waste workers suffered significantly more from work-related injuries, back pain, and red itchy eyes in comparison to the control group. In addition, regular drug use was more common in e-waste workers (25% vs. 6.4%). Both groups showed a noticeable high use of pain killers (all workers 79%). The higher frequency of symptoms in the e-waste group can be explained by the specific recycling tasks, such as burning or dismantling. However, the report also indicates that adverse health effects apply frequently to the control group. Occupational safety trainings and the provision of personal protection equipment are needed for all workers.

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This paper is based on our respective presentations given in German at the annual conference of the University of Zurich Research Priority Programme in Financial Market Regulation (), which was held on 2 and 3 June 2014 at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. This Research Programme is jointly run by chairs from the Law Faculty and the Economics Faculty of the University of Zurich and promotes an interdisciplinary exchange of ideas through regular workshops, from which we have both greatly benefited. We owe particular gratitude to Prof. Rolf Sethe, Vanessa Isler and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper. A collection of the contributions to the aforementioned conference was published in winter 2014 (Hans Caspar von der Crone & Jean-Charles Rochet (eds), Finanzstabilität: Status und Perspektiven (Schulthess Verlag 2014)). Brought to you by | Universitaetsbibliothek Basel Authenticated Download Date | 4/29/19 4:23 PM 1 Triggers in contingent capital securities now usually refer to the issuer's capital ratio for the timing of conversion or write-down, but other design options have been discussed in the literature. See, e.g., John C. Coffee, Jr., 'Systemic Risk After Dodd-Frank: Contingent Capital and the Need for Regulatory Strategies Beyond Oversight' (2011) 111 Columbia Law Review 795, 830-832. In the following, we use the term of 'contingent capital securities' indiscriminately for instruments featuring either a conversion or a write-down mechanism.

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Fluidize_-I_d incinerators have a relatively low throughput capacity, and it is difficult to remove residuals from the bed. Operating costs of fluidized-bed incinerators are relatively high. Solid wastes will likely have to be pretreated (shredded or sized) prior to introduction. Residence times are nonuniform, and particulate entrainment rates are high. The vessel and related components are subject to erosion. Low melting point materials in the bed may cause the bed material to fuse. Development Needs: Advanced off-gas systems capable of removing higher percentages of the radioactive constituents, better stack monitoring and other real-time performance assuranc_ capabilities, control of heavy metal emissions, combustion by-product formation, submicron particulate emissions.

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