The aim of this study was to test the effects of cyanobacteria toxicity on feeding behavior of the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei. First, it was tested the hypothesis that L. fortunei preferentially graze on non-toxic phytoplankton and reject toxic cyanobacteria. Second, it was tested the hypothesis that toxic cyanobacteria negatively affect feeding and survival of L. fortunei. The present study is the first to evaluate the effects of toxic cyanobacteria on L. fortunei feeding and survival. In the short-term grazing, golden mussel filtration rates were evaluated in the presence of toxic and non-toxic strains of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa, and non-toxic phytoplankton Nitzschia palea. Highest filtration rates were registered when mussels fed on Nitzschia. Despite that, golden mussel expelled Nitzschia cells in large quantities and preferentially ingested Microcystis cells, both toxic and non-toxic strains. In the long-term grazing, mussels were exposed to toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during 5 days. Filtration rates were not significantly different for toxic and non-toxic Microcystis throughout exposure period. The results have demonstrated cyanobacteria toxicity is not the main factor influencing L. fortunei feeding behavior. Survival of L. fortunei feeding on toxic cyanobacteria shows the potential of this invasive bivalve as a vector to the transference of cyanotoxins to higher trophic levels.
Os seguintes materiais e revestimentos apresentaram as menores densidades de mexilhões incrustados: aço carbono revestido com tinta a base de resina epóxi poliamina com adição de óxido de zinco convencional 5%, aço carbono revestido com tinta a base de resina epóxi poliamina com adição de óxido de cobre convencional 10%, aço carbono revestido com tinta a base de resina epóxi poliamina com adição de óxido de zinco nanométrico 10%.Estes materiais são recomendados para a utilização no controle da incrustação do mexilhão dourado, após a realização de estudos complementares sobre a solubilidade, lixiviação e ecotoxicidade, temas que serão abordados em nova fase da pesquisa. Palavras-chaves: tintas antiincrustantes, materiais, Limnoperna fortunei, bioincrustação. Selection of materials and coatings for the incrustation control of the golden mussel in the hydroelectric power station of Ibitinga (SP, Brazil)ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out aiming to select materials and coatings with antifouling properties against the exotic bivalve Limnoperna fortunei at power plants. Different kinds of materials were used as sample: carbon steel, metallic copper, stainless steel, galvanized steel and acrylic.Tests were also performed with several kinds of oxide based coatings at different concentrations on carbon steel samples. Copper oxide, zinc oxide and a combination of them were used. The samples were immersed in water column along a year, from October/2007 to September/2008, at Ibitinga Hydroelectric Power Plant Reservoir in São Paulo State, Brazil.The following materials and coatings showed the lower densities of golden mussel fouling: carbon steel coated with epoxy-polyamine resin based ink with addition of conventional zinc oxide 5%, carbon steel coated with epoxy-polyamine resin based ink with addition of conventional copper oxide 10% and carbon steel coated with epoxy-polyamine resin based ink with addition of nanometric zinc oxide 10%.
ResumoTestes buscando avaliar a toxicidade do sulfato de cobre ao mexilhão dourado (Limnoperna fortunei) foram realizados em laboratório, com o objetivo de se encontrar a dose letal (CE 50 e CE 95 48 h) para o controle do molusco. Avaliaram-se também os níveis de resíduos de cobre nas águas testadas, nas conchas e tecidos dos moluscos, empregando espectrofotometria de absorção atômica de chama, (LD 0,0012 mg L -1 para cobre). Amostras de água e de exemplares de mexilhão dourado foram coletados no Lago Guaíba na cidade de
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